肺癌

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    美国国家癌症研究所的科研人员在新一期美国学术刊物《癌症预防研究》上介绍说，他们让实验鼠暴露于亚硝胺环境中。亚硝胺是烟草尼古丁进入人体后的氧化分解物之一，属强致癌物。研究人员让一些实验鼠口服或为其注射二甲双胍，另一些作为对照不接受二甲双胍治疗。
    美国研究人员１日报告说，他们用老鼠进行的实验显示，常用的Ⅱ型糖尿病药物二甲双胍有助于预防由于吸烟引发的肺癌。由于该药已广泛用于治疗糖尿病患者，因此研究人员认为可以通过招募吸烟的志愿者来检验二甲双胍的防癌效果。
    一段时间后，口服二甲双胍的实验鼠肺部由亚硝胺诱发的肿瘤要比对照组实验鼠少４０％至５０％，而注射二甲双胍的防肺癌效果更好，实验鼠的肺部肿瘤要比对照组少７２％。
    这一动物实验得出的数据让研究小组很受鼓舞，他们认为下一步应以吸烟者为对象开展测试，以验证二甲双胍能否减缓肺部肿瘤的生长，达到预防肺癌的效果。
    除肺癌之外，此前有研究发现，二甲双胍可以降低糖尿病患者患胰腺癌和乳腺癌的风险。加拿大麦基尔大学肿瘤学教授迈克尔·波拉克在同一期《癌症预防研究》上发表评论文章指出，上述新研究与此前的流行病学研究表明，二甲双胍在癌症预防和治疗领域可能很有效。
    研究小组负责人菲利普·丹尼斯说，尽管人们都知道对于吸烟者来说，最重要的防癌措施是戒烟，但实际上被确诊的肺癌患者中有大量是曾经吸烟、后来戒烟的人。因此，如何有效识别肺癌高危人群并有效预防肺癌十分重要。

==== 汉译英 ====
U.S. National Cancer Institute researchers in the new issue of the U.S. academic journal "Cancer Prevention Research", explained that they make mice exposed to nitrosamines environment. Nitrosamines in tobacco nicotine into the human body decomposition of the oxidation, are strong carcinogens. The researchers gave some of their mice with oral or injected with metformin, while others were not accepted as metformin.
    1, U.S. researchers reported that they conducted experiments with mice showed that commonly used type Ⅱ diabetes drugs metformin can help prevent smoking-induced lung cancer. Because the drug has been widely used to treat diabetes, the researchers believe that smoking can recruit volunteers to test anti-cancer effect of metformin.
    After some time, oral metformin mice lung tumors induced by the nitrosamine mice than in the control group 40% less to 50%, while the injection of anti-cancer effects of metformin better than the control mice lung tumor group 72% less.
    The data derived from animal experiments to study group was encouraged, they think the next step should be targeting smokers to carry out tests to verify that metformin can reduce the growth of lung cancer, to prevent the effects of lung cancer.
    In addition to lung cancer, the earlier studies have found that diabetic patients with metformin can reduce the risk of pancreatic cancer and breast cancer. Oncology, McGill University, Professor Michael Pollack in the same issue of "Cancer Prevention Study," the commentary pointed out that the new study and previous epidemiological studies have shown that metformin in the field of cancer prevention and treatment can be effective.
    The team leader Dennis Phillips said that although people are aware of the smokers, the most important measures to prevent cancer is to quit smoking, but in fact was confirmed in a large number of patients with lung cancer are former smokers, who later quit smoking . Therefore, how to effectively identify high risk of lung cancer and the importance of effective prevention of lung cancer.