肺癌

人的指甲是健康的荧光屏，这是因为人的十二经脉会于指端。正常人的指甲光洁、平滑、半透明，呈均匀的淡红色，甲端有定型的弧度，甲根有一月状灰白色的甲弧。身体一旦出现病状，即会通过神经、血管、经络等反映到指甲上，出现指甲的形状、颜色的异常变化。
1）指甲形状与疾病：
　　1.指甲凸起并向指肉中卷伸，象征慢性呼吸系统可能出现疾病，诸如肺气肿、结核病、心血管病等。
　　2.指甲条纹紊乱，并呈现深褐色，是脱水和初期肾虚的反应。
　　3.指甲出现横纹，可能是心肌梗塞前的一种征兆，也和麻疹、腮腺炎有关。
　　4.指甲出现絮状白云，常是有蛔虫的迹象。
　　5.指甲出现竖的条纹，多是缺乏维生素A的表现。
　　6.指甲部分脱落，表明新陈代谢紊乱。
　　7.指甲平坦，凹陷成匙状，无光且脆弱，多是缺铁性贫血所致。
　　8.指甲突然变厚和指甲周围脱皮，表明呼吸道或消化道可能存在肿瘤。
　　9.指甲中间下陷，整片指甲变成平坦或匙状，常和铁质不足的贫血病、梅毒、甲状腺障碍、风湿症等有关。
　10.指甲出现不规则凹点，很多牛皮癣病人常有此现象。
　11.指甲成行的凹状麻点，常因患簇状秃发症所致。
12.指甲凸起并向指肉中卷伸，慢性呼吸系统疾病
2）指甲颜色与疾病：
　　1.指甲外表蜡白无华--中央凹陷周围凸起，表面出现纵横之沟纹，常常是贫血的症象。如指甲上出现横贯白线，多见于砷、铅等金属中毒，或何杰金氏病，糙皮病等。甲板表面出现白斑，多为慢性肝、肾病所致。
　　2.指甲表面或周围出现黄色--常见于慢性出血性疾病，甲状腺机能减退，肾病综合症与胡萝卜素血症，指甲周围出现黄色，要警惕恶性黑色素瘤，但长期吸烟或长期服用四环素药物者，老年
人也可使指甲变黄。
　　3.指甲出现紫色--多为心脏病、血液病人的一个特点，反映血液内缺氧或某些成份异常，若紫色与白色交替出现，可见于肢端动脉痉挛症。指甲成暗紫色，呈杵状，要警惕恶性肿瘤、肝硬化等
　　4.指甲出现青色--如急腹症患者四肢阙汽，指甲便突然变青，胎儿死于腹中的孕妇，指甲会持续发青。如指甲呈青紫色，常见于先天性心脏病人、大叶性肺炎、重度肺气肿病人肺癌;癌症患者或
中毒者的指甲也常出现青色瘀斑。
　　5.指甲出现蓝色--常出现在白喉、急性肠道传染病与食道异物阻塞;如指甲根部呈兰色半月状，常是血液循环障碍或心脏病、雷诺氏综合症、风湿性关节炎或红斑狼疮造成。
　　6.指甲出现灰色--常见于青光眼患者或粘液性水肿、类风湿性关节炎、偏瘫患者及营养不良。
　　7.指甲出现黑色--多见于外伤或甲沟炎症患者、肾上腺皮质功能减退、胃肠息肉综合症，维生素B12缺乏、黑色素瘤也可能在指甲上出现黑色。
      8.指甲周围出现红斑--常见于红斑性狼疮。
      9.指甲部分或全部脱色--多见于新陈代谢紊乱。
指甲淡白无华为虚寒;苍白是血虚;紫色为血淤;柔软不坚，营养不良;指甲变黄变厚、失去光泽而生长缓慢，可能是淋巴管病变的“黄甲综合症”

==== 汉译英 ====

Person's nails are healthy and screen, it is because people will be at the fingertips of the 12 meridians. Normal nails clean, smooth, translucent, showing a uniform light red, A-side with the curved shape, a root there in January of a arc-shaped gray. Once the physical symptoms, that is, through nerves, blood vessels, such as reflected in the nail on the meridian, there nail shape, color anomalies.
1) The nail shape and Disease:
1. Nails protruding volume to refer to meat extension, may be a symbol of chronic respiratory diseases such as emphysema, tuberculosis, cardiovascular diseases.
2. Fingernail stripe disorder, and showed a dark brown, is the initial dehydration and kidney response.
3. Fingernail appeared stripes may be a symptom of pre-myocardial infarction, but also and measles, mumps related.
4. Fingernail appeared flocculent and white clouds, often there are signs of roundworm.
5. Fingernail vertical stripes appears more a lack of vitamin A performance.
6. Fingernail part off, indicating that metabolic disorders.
7. Fingernail flat, sunken into a spoon-like, dull and fragile, mostly due to iron deficiency anemia.
8. Fingernail around the sudden thickening and peeling nails, indicating that there may be respiratory or gastrointestinal cancer.
9. Nail the middle of subsidence, the whole piece into a flat or spoon-shaped nails, and often, and iron deficiency anemia, syphilis, thyroid disorder, rheumatism and other relevant.
10. Fingernail appear irregular concave point, many psoriasis patients often have this behavior.
11. Fingernail-lined concave-shaped pits, often suffering from cluster-like disease caused by alopecia.
12. Nails protruding extension to refer to meat volume, chronic respiratory diseases
2) nail color and Disease:
1. Fingernail appearance of white wax minimalist - raised around the central depression, the surface aspect of the grooves, often as the disease anemia. Such as the nail appears across the white lines, more common in arsenic, lead and metal poisoning, or Hodgkin's disease, pellagra and so on. Deck of the surface white spots, mostly for chronic liver and kidney disease caused by.
2. Fingernail surface or around a yellow - is common in chronic bleeding disorders, hypothyroidism, nephrotic syndrome, hyperlipidemia and carotene, nail appears around the yellow, we must guard against malignant melanoma, but long-term smoking or long-term use of tetracycline drugs persons, elderly
People who can nail yellowing.
3. Nails appear purple - mostly heart disease, a feature of the blood of patients, reflecting the blood oxygen, or some unusual ingredients, if the alternating purple and white, can be seen in the extremities artery spasm. Nail into a dark purple, was clubbed to guard against cancer, cirrhosis of the liver, etc.
4. Nails appear blue - such as acute abdomen limbs Que gasoline and nails it suddenly blue, the fetus died in the belly of pregnant women, nail will continue to hair blue. Such as the nail was black and blue, is common in congenital heart disease, lobar pneumonia, severe pulmonary emphysema patients with lung cancer; cancer patients or
Poisoning often appear blue nails ecchymosis.
5. Nails appear blue - often appear in the diphtheria, acute intestinal infectious diseases and esophageal foreign body obstruction; such as nail-shaped root was blue and a half months, is often a blood circulation disorder or heart disease, Raynaud's syndrome, rheumatic joints caused by inflammation, or lupus erythematosus.
6. Fingernail gray - is common in glaucoma patients or myxedema, rheumatoid arthritis, hemiplegia and malnutrition.
7. Fingernail appear black - more common in trauma, or a ditch inflammation disease, adrenal dysfunction, gastrointestinal polyps syndrome, a lack of vitamin B12 melanoma may also appear on the black fingernails.
8. Erythema appeared around nails - is common in systemic lupus erythematosus.
9. Nail some or all of bleaching - particularly prevalent in the metabolic disorders.
Nail whitish without Huawei Deficiency; pale is a blood deficiency; purple as the blood stasis; soft and will not be strong, malnutrition; nail yellowing thickening, loss of luster and slow growth, lymphatic lesions may be a "yellow nail syndrome"