肺癌

    如今很多人的家人亲朋熟人中，都有癌症和死亡病例，我们到了不能不讨论预防癌症的时候了。中国跟美国、日本的趋势相反，人家的癌症发病率在降低，我们在升高。世卫组织WHO的博伊尔先生说，到2030年世界癌症病人会多到7500万人，大部分在发展中国家。也许这个预测数字有点超高，但中国卫生部说国内癌症死亡同期要翻几番，倒是非常可能。既然知道如此，试问我们有准备吗？有对策吗？我们小老百姓，根据历史经验，唯有笨鸟先飞，还期望什么？我们只能从了解信息开始。
 
从世界癌症基金会的2007《饮食/运动/防癌报告》说起

2007年11月，世界癌症基金会的鸿篇巨制（537页）的防癌研究报告公布，提出10大建议。本坛转载消息两次了（见于健康人生版和抗癌同盟版）。我只看到国内有关部门发表了16页的中文摘要，仅此而已，没见有人翻译或者解读。13亿人中，会有几个呆子业余来做这事？不过，这个报告的撰写历时5年，检评了7000篇研究文献，就算看在这个工作量的份上，我来做一回“呆子”吧。

1981年有一篇文献，其实是这个大部头报告的先河。题目是《癌症之原因：今日美国避免癌症风险的定量研究》。作者叫做多尔和皮托（R.Doll and R. Peto ），一个后来挂上爵士头衔，一个明年有本关于防癌的书要出版，都非等闲人。他们在27年前的文章中就说：

“美国将来极有可能采用饮食法将癌症率降低约三分之一，
而另外三分之一则绝对肯定可以用戒烟法预防之。”
2007报告引此箴言，还加上一句：“有些部位的癌症如结肠癌，已经公认是由食物和营养所致”，又说，适宜的食物、营养、经常性的运动，以及避免肥胖症，可以预防30%-40%的癌症发生。相当于全球每年3到4百万人。这就是这个报告的主调。

不过，这10大关于饮食、营养、运动、肥胖症的措施，是要涵盖全球黑白黄红褐不同人种的。而各国高发癌症，部位差异巨大，一个普适的方法，如此简单，行吗？够吗？
若以10万人中癌症人数做比较，先请见下表12国的数据：
男性

（注：表中数字是从这个报告的图形测量而得，不甚精确，但可用于相对比较）
差异如此之大。中国男性以胃癌、肺癌、肝、食道、结肠癌为多，印度男人则非常幸运(也许与他们大量食用咖喱有关？)。中国男性肝癌发病率世界第一，胃癌世界第二，肺癌第五。如此靠前，乘以人口基数，总人数多的不得了。日本人的胃、结肠、肺、肝都不太好。埃及人的膀胱癌世界第一，别的癌症低。南非人前列腺癌世界第五。英国美国人同文同种，生活方式也接近，连癌症种类和发生率都接近。波兰人肺癌世界第一，不明白，难道嗜烟如命？西班牙人肺癌第三，紧追波兰和美国；膀胱癌第二，在埃及之后。美国人的前列腺癌世界第一，肺癌第二。澳大利亚人前列腺癌第二，巴西英国紧随其后。真的，白人好像前列腺容易得癌。

女性（10万人中的癌症数）

中国女性肺癌率在美国英国之后，位居第三；胃癌在日本之后，位居第二。没有好到哪里去。咱们的生活跟美国英国日本差得很远，怎么在癌症上倒接近起来？好在乳腺癌比他们少很多，不然造物主忒不公平了。美国、英国、澳大利亚的乳腺癌高得吓人，看来人种和生活方式都有关系。

国家差异大，而10大建议不加区别，是不是有点射箭没有靶子？这是我第一个疑问。换言之，这个报告并没有做差异化的建议，而是笼统建议。我们阅读它，要注意差异。那么，它的建议内容是什么？

==== 汉译英 ====

Today, many people's family friends and relatives acquaintances, there are cases of cancer and death, we can not fail to discuss cancer prevention to the time. China with the United States, Japan, the trend of the contrary, the others in reducing the incidence of cancer, we have raised. WHO, WHO, said Mr. Boyle, 2030, the world's cancer patients will be more to the 75 million people, mostly in developing countries. Perhaps this forecast a little bit high, but the Chinese Ministry of Health said the death of cancer should be multiplied several-fold over the same period, would be very likely. Since we know this, how can we be prepared to do? Have countermeasures do? We are a small people, based on historical experience, only 笨鸟先飞, but also what is expected? We can only understand the message from the beginning.

From the World Cancer Fund 2007 "Food / Sports / Anti-Cancer Report" talking about

In November 2007, the World Cancer Foundation of the feature-length films (537) anti-cancer research publication of the report put forward 10 major proposals. The altar reproduced message twice (found in a healthy life version and the anti-cancer alliance version). I can only see the relevant mainland authorities issued a 16-page English summary, and nothing more, not seen someone translated or interpreted. 1.3 billion people, there will be an amateur to do so by some idiot? However, the writing of this report took five years, the review of the 7000 evaluation research literature, even to see in this effort's sake, I will be a return to "fool" bar.

In 1981 a literature, in fact, this voluminous report of the first of its kind. Entitled "Cancer of the reasons: Today, the United States to avoid the risk of cancer of the quantitative research." Authors called Dole and Peto (R. Doll and R. Peto), then hang a jazz titles, a book on anti-cancer next year's book to be published, all Non-idler. 27 years ago in the article said:

"The United States will most likely use of diet to reduce cancer rates would be about one-third,
While the other one-third can be absolutely sure that the prevention of smoking-cessation methods. "
2007 report cited the motto, but also added: "There are some parts of cancers such as colon cancer, has been recognized as caused by the Food and Nutrition", added, suitable for food, nutrition, regular exercise and avoiding obesity, can prevent 30% -40% of the cancer. Is equivalent to the world each year 3 to 4 million people. This is the main theme of this report.

However, 10 on diet, nutrition, exercise, obesity measures, is to cover the world's black and white yellow reddish brown of separate human races. The national high incidence of cancer, location varies enormously, a universal approach, so simple, right? Enough?
If 100,000 people in number of cancer patients for comparison, first the following table the 12-country data:
Male
(Note: the table number is from the graphic measurement of this report are derived from less accurate, but can be used relatively)
Differences so great. Chinese men with stomach cancer, lung, liver, esophagus, colon cancer for more Indian men are very lucky (and probably eat lots of curry with them about?). Chinese male liver cancer incidence rate in the world, the world's second stomach cancer, lung cancer, the fifth. This front, multiplied by the population base, the total number of people was intense. Japanese stomach, colon, lung, liver is not very good. Egyptian bladder cancer in the world, other types of cancer low. South Africa's fifth in the world in human prostate cancer. British American species of the same culture and way of life close to, and even the incidence of cancer types and are close to. Poles of lung cancer in the world, do not understand, Is it smoked? Spanish Lung Third, keep close track of Poland and the United States; bladder cancer second, followed in Egypt. Americans are the world's first prostate cancer, lung cancer, second. Australian prostate cancer second, followed by Brazil, United Kingdom. Indeed, the white seems easy to get prostate cancer.

Women (10 million people in the cancer number)

Chinese female lung cancer rates in the United States to England, ranking third; of gastric cancer in Japan after the second. No good to go. Let's lives with the United States United Kingdom Japan were far worse, how close to the cancer on the down and out? Fortunately, breast cancer, much less than they otherwise God Thac unfair. The United States, United Kingdom, Australia, breast cancer, were prohibitively high, it seems the relationship between race and lifestyles are.

National differences, while on 10 major proposals without distinction, is not it a little bit there is no archery target? This is my first question. In other words, this report does not make difference for the recommendation, but general recommendations. We read it, pay attention to differences. So, what are the contents of its recommendations?