肺癌

先罗列世界癌症基金会的10大建议，后续帖子加以解说。

世界癌症基金会的10大建议的特点

先简述10大建议针对个人的部分(略去涉及公共政策目标部分)。
建议1：在正常体重范围（因人种国家地区而异）内，做到尽可能瘦。从儿童生长期做起，目标是21岁体重标准的低端(查阅体重标准表)，在成年人时期一直保持这个状况，避免体重和腰围增加。

建议2：坚持身体活动（运动、劳动、家务都在内），每日活动量至少相当于30分钟以上走步，然后增加到相当于60分钟走步（或者30分钟以上激烈体力活动）。改变不活动（如长时间看电视）的习惯。

建议3：节制含高能量饮食（225-275大卡/100克），避免含糖饮料。快餐（麦当劳之类）只能偶尔啖之。

建议4：主要吃植物性食物，每天至少5份（400克）蔬菜（非淀粉类）水果，谷物要少加工过程的。

建议5：限制红肉（牛羊猪），每星期少于500克，几乎不吃工厂加工的肉食品。

建议6：限制饮酒，男性不超过每天2杯，女1杯。

建议7：少盐。避免腌、咸食物。每日摄钠量2.4克。

建议8：原则上不建议采用补充剂来防癌（有针对性的另说）。

特殊建议1：母亲自哺乳6个月，然后用标准配制的代乳品。

特殊建议2：癌症患者也要遵循上述建议。

可以看出，这是饮食摄取等有关的建议，并不是药物防癌。参与这个报告的专家，主要是营养学家。至于建议的内容，可以概括为：一般人要四少（能量摄入、肉、酒、盐、），二多（运动、蔬菜水果），一不（服补充剂）一瘦（保持瘦身型）。这样便于理解和记忆。

但是，癌症的病因当然远远超过饮食的范围。粗略一算至少有11类：
内因4：
1）遗传基因变异

2）自由基氧化负担

3）发炎

4）荷尔蒙
外因7：
1）吸烟

2）引起发炎因素

3）放射、辐射

4）工业化学物


5）药物诱发

6）食物中致癌物

7）食物间接引发癌症（例如食物®肥胖过重®癌症）

表面上看，食物、营养、身体活动、肥胖症、等等因素，仅仅跟上面的6、7两项有关。这个报告的看法却不是这样。它认为在分子和细胞层面，食物/营养/肥胖症/身体活动与癌症有8各方面的联系：它们影响

1）DNA修复
2）细胞的增殖
3）荷尔蒙的调节
4）细胞的分化
5）人体的免疫和发炎系统
6）细胞的凋亡
7）细胞的周期
8）致癌物的代谢

所以，上述10大建议不是作为表面文章来报告的，而是要提供科学的论证。因此，我的解读，也是要为读者尽量找出它的科学含量。

第一个建议涉及人的身体肥胖度和体重，它会跟癌症有关吗？

==== 汉译英 ====

World Cancer Foundation lists 10 major proposals, the follow-up posts to explain.

World Cancer Foundation, the characteristics of the 10 major proposals

Explain briefly the 10 recommendations are directed at the individual part (omitted related to public policy objectives section).
Recommendation 1: In the normal weight range (varies by ethnic origin countries and regions), the be thin as much as possible. Start from children growing season goal of a standard low-end 21-year-old body weight (body weight standards for access to the table), in the adult period remained this situation, to avoid the increase in body weight and waist circumference.

Recommendation 2: Stick to physical activities (sports, labor, domestic work are taken into account), daily activity levels at least equivalent to more than 30 minutes walking, and then increased to the equivalent of 60-minute walk (or 30 minutes or more intense physical activities). Change would not activities (such as a long time watching television) habits.

Recommendation 3: moderate with high-energy diet (225-275 kcal / 100 g), to avoid sugary drinks. Fast food (McDonald's and the like) are only occasionally entice the.

Recommendation 4: The main plant food to eat every day for at least five copies (400 grams) of vegetables (not starchy) Fruits, grains less machining process.

Recommendation 5: Limit red meat (cattle and sheep farms), per week less than 500 grams, almost do not eat processed meat plant.

Recommendation 6: Restrictions on alcohol consumption, men no more than two cups per day and women one cup.

Recommendation 7: salt. Avoid salt, salty food. The amount of 2.4 grams of sodium intake per day.

Recommendation 8: The principle proposed supplements to anti-cancer (targeted another saying).

Special Recommendation 1: The mothers were breast-feeding for 6 months, and then use the standard prepared milk substitute.

Special Recommendation 2: The cancer patients have to follow the above recommendations.

As can be seen, this is dietary intake and other related proposal, not anti-cancer drugs. Participate in the reporting of experts, mainly nutritionists. As for the contents of the proposals can be summed up as follows: Most people want to Fourth, less (energy intake, meat, wine, salt,), more than two (Sport, vegetables and fruits), one does not (clothing supplements) a thin (to keep thin type). This makes it easy to understand and remember.

However, the causes of cancer, of course, far beyond the scope of diet. Roughly one count there are at least 11 categories:
Internal 4:
1) genetic variation

2) the burden of free radical oxidation

3) inflammation

4) hormone
External 7:
1) Smoking

2) The factors that cause inflammation of the

3) radiation, radiation

4) Industrial chemicals

5) drug-induced

6) carcinogen in food

7) The Food and indirectly cause cancer (such as food ® ® cancer, obesity, overweight)

On the surface, food, nutrition, physical activity, obesity, among other factors, only two related with the above 6,7. View of this report is not the case. It believed that at the molecular and cellular levels, food / nutrition / obesity / physical activity and cancer, and 8 ties in all aspects: they affect the

1) DNA repair
2) cell proliferation
3) The hormonal regulation of
4) cell differentiation
5) the body's immune and inflammatory system
6) The apoptosis
7) The cell cycle
8) the metabolism of carcinogens

Therefore, the 10 major proposals not as a cosmetic to report, but to provide scientific evaluation. Therefore, my interpretation, but also for readers to try and find out its scientific content.

The first relates to degree of person's body fat and body weight, it will do with the cancer?