肺癌

      肿瘤医师总结:有下列临床表现时要警惕肺癌的可能
      (1) 40岁以上的人突然发生刺激性咳嗽，持续2周以上，治疗无效。原有咳嗽者咳嗽性质发生变化。
　　(2)慢性咳嗽者当咳嗽变为刺激性干咳，痰中带血，有明显胸痛，或在某肺叶、肺段反复发生肺炎。
　　(3)肺结核病人经正规抗痨治疗无效，X线发现病灶阴影进行性增大，有节段性肺炎或肺不张及偏心空洞者。
　　(4)高危人群如长期吸烟者、工矿职工、长期接触放射性物质以及有家族肿瘤病史者，应列为肺癌重点普查人群，每半年至1年检查1次。
　　(5)有非特异性全身性皮肤、神经、内分泌表现者，如肥大性骨关节病、杵状指(趾)、肌无力样综合征等患者。
　   (6)积极普及肺癌的诊治知识：

①全面细致查体，如肺部局限干鸣音或湿罗音及肺癌的肺外症状等；
②早期肺癌的胸部X 线表现：局限性肺气肿、阻塞性肺炎等；
③痰癌细胞检查；
④必要时作纤维支气管镜检查、血清检查和胸部CT检查。
　另外，对一些有肺外症状及体征的人，如有杵状指趾、男性乳房肥大、突发皮肤病等表现的人，也要做进一步检查，以防止早期肺癌被漏诊。
  肺癌的典型症状是咳嗽、痰中带血、胸痛、气促等肺部表现。然而，据统计约有半数肺癌一开始是表现在肺外症状，而且往往先于肺部症状出现，成为肺癌的早期信号。由于这些症状与肺癌似乎沾不上边而常常被忽略或误认为其他疾病，对此我们要有所警觉。掌握这些肺癌早期的信号对早期诊断治疗意义重大。

看过此文章的朋友还看过
肺癌早期症状有哪些        防肺癌十重点
早期肺癌外部症状           早期发现癌症的七种检查
肺癌早发现早治疗           易瑞沙(IRESSA)中文说明

==== 汉译英 ====

Oncologists Summary: There are the following clinical performance to be alert to the possibility of lung cancer
      (1) 40 people over the age of sudden irritating cough for 2 weeks or more, treatment is invalid. Cough cough by the nature of the original change.
(2) chronic cough cough becomes irritating to become a dry cough, sputum with blood, obvious chest pain, or in a lobe, recurrent pneumonia, pulmonary segment.
(3) tuberculosis patients who were regular anti-tuberculosis treatment fails, X ray found in the shadow of progressive lesions increased, there is segmental pneumonia or atelectasis and the eccentric hollow those.
(4) high-risk populations such as long-term smokers, mine workers, long-term exposure to radioactive substances, and have a family history of cancer who should be classified as lung cancer screening focus groups, every six months to a year inspection one time.
(5) has non-specific systemic nature of the skin, nerves, endocrine performers, such as hypertrophic osteoarthropathy, digital clubbing (toe), myasthenia-like syndrome and other patients.
(6) Actively spread of lung cancer diagnosis and treatment of knowledge:

① detailed and thorough investigation body, such as the lungs restricted stem-ming tone or wet rales and external symptoms of lung cancer, etc.;
② early chest X-ray manifestations of lung cancer: limitations of pulmonary emphysema, obstructive pneumonia, etc.;
③ sputum cancer screening;
④, when necessary, bronchoscopy, serum examination and chest CT.
In addition, some extra-pulmonary symptoms and signs of people, if clubbing Zhi Zhi, male breast enlargement, sudden manifestations of skin disease who still need to do further examination in order to prevent early lung cancer was missed.
  The typical symptoms of lung cancer, cough, bloody sputum, chest pain, shortness of breath and other lung performance. However, according to statistics, about half of lung cancer began as reflected in the extra-pulmonary symptoms, but symptoms often precede the lungs to become early signs of lung cancer. Because these symptoms and lung cancer seem to do not touch but are often ignored or mistaken for other diseases for which we have to remain alert. Master these early signals of early lung cancer diagnosis and treatment of great significance.