肺癌

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    癌症现在来说还是全世界比较难治疗的病，所以我们要从预防入手，早发现早治疗，下面是经过医生整理出来的20条癌症早期症状，希望大家注意！

　　身体表面的肿瘤，一般来说是比较容易发现的。发生于内脏的癌瘤，早期症状都不明显，想早期发现，就需要大家细心观察，对疑似癌症的患者要及时送医院进行检查、鉴别。黑龙江肿瘤研究所副所长、哈医大附属肿瘤医院放疗科的博士生导师徐向英主任向我们介绍一下20种癌症的早期症状。
　　一、干咳，痰中带血，胸闷、胸痛等久治不愈。
　　二、反复出现的不明原因的高热。
　　三、肝脏肿大的速度较快，并伴有肝区疼痛。
　　四、反复发热和顽固性的牙齿出血、皮下出血和进行性贫血。
　　五、中年以上的妇女，性交后阴道有少量出血，或平时有不规则的阴道出血，或是停经后数年又来月经。白带明显增多。
　　六、身体任何部位如乳腺、颈部或腹部出现逐渐增大的肿块。
　　七、不明原因的无痛性血尿。
      八、不伴腹痛的逐渐加深的黄疸和上腹包块。　　
      九、皮肤溃烂长久不能愈合。
　　十、黑痣突然增大，同时伴有痒、破溃、出血、疼痛，或痣上的毛发脱落。
　　十一、进行性双下肢无力，感觉异常。动作失调或伴大小便有时失禁。
　　十二、非怀孕和哺乳的妇女，有乳头流水或能挤出液汁。
　　十三、逐渐加剧的头痛，伴突然出现的短暂的视力障碍和呕吐。
　　十四、原因不明的消瘦、无力，上腹无规则的疼痛。食欲下降，特别厌食肉类食品。
　　十五、无明显外力作用所致的股骨和肱骨等大骨的骨折。
　　十六、进食吞咽时胸骨后有异物梗塞感、刺痛感或自觉食物通过缓慢。
　　十七、青少年肘或膝关节剧痛、肿胀。用抗风湿药或抗生素类药治疗无效。
　　十八、大便习惯改变，或腹泻和便秘经常交替出现，或大便常带脓血，或大便变稀变扁。
　　十九、口腔黏膜，或女性外阴，或男性阴茎龟头上出现白斑，而且迅速扩大和灼痒不适。
　　二十、鼻塞，经常少量出血或鼻涕中常带血丝，伴有偏头痛、头晕、耳鸣和颈上部耳垂下方前后部位摸到肿大淋巴结。
　　提醒：如出现以上的症状，最好的方法就是去医院就诊，尽快检查治疗。但并不是说，凡有上述症状就是癌症，最后的诊断应该由医生经过多种方法详细检查之后才能作出，否则就会给自己和家庭带来不必要的思想负担。

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==== 汉译英 ====

The body surface of tumor, it is generally easier to find. Occurred in visceral cancer, early symptoms are not obvious, like early detection, it needs to be carefully observed for patients with suspected cancer should be promptly sent to hospital for examination, identification. Heilongjiang, deputy director of the Cancer Institute, Cancer Hospital Radiotherapy Jin was admitted to doctoral tutor Xu Xiangying Director to us about the early symptoms of 20 types of cancer.
1, dry cough, bloody sputum, chest tightness, chest pain and other long treatment.
Second, recurrent fever of unknown causes.
3, enlargement of the liver is faster, accompanied by liver pain.
4, repeated dental fever and refractory bleeding, subcutaneous bleeding and progressive anemia.
5, middle-aged women, a small amount of vaginal bleeding after sexual intercourse, or usually have irregular vaginal bleeding, or a few years after menopause, menstruation again. Leucorrhea increased significantly.
6, any part of the body such as breast, neck or abdominal mass gradually increasing.
7 of unknown causes of painless hematuria.
    8, not accompanied by abdominal pain, jaundice, and the gradual deepening of the upper abdominal mass.
    9, skin ulcer does not heal a long time.
10, mole suddenly increased, accompanied by itching, ulceration, bleeding, pain, or loss of hair on a mole.
11, progressive lower extremity weakness, paresthesia. Movement disorder, or sometimes with urine incontinence.
12, non-pregnant and lactating women, there is running water or be able to squeeze drip nipples.
13, and gradually increasing headache, accompanied by sudden short-term visual impairment and vomiting.
14, unexplained weight loss, weakness, abdominal pain-free rules. Loss of appetite, especially anorexia meat.
15, no obvious external force caused by such large bones femur and humerus fractures.
16, when the sternum after eating swallowing foreign body infarction feeling, tingling, or unconsciously, by the slow food.
17, youth elbow or knee pain and swelling. With anti-rheumatic drugs or antibiotics are ineffective treatment class medicine.
18, change in bowel habits, or alternating diarrhea and constipation often occur, or stool often with a pus and blood, or stool thinning change bian.
19, oral mucosa, or female genital, or white spots appear on glans penis men, but the rapid expansion and burning itching discomfort.
20, stuffy nose, frequent nose frequently with a small amount of bleeding or bloodshot eyes, accompanied by migraine headaches, dizziness, ringing in the ears and the neck below the ear lobe before and after the part of the Department of palpable lymph nodes.
Reminder: If these symptoms occur, the best way is to go to the hospital treatment, examination and treatment as soon as possible. Does not mean that, where the above-mentioned symptoms are cancer, the final diagnosis should be over by doctors only after detailed examination of a number of ways to make, otherwise you will give themselves and their families the burden of unnecessary thoughts.