肺癌

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    随着社会人口老年化，老年肺癌的发病率逐年增加。75.0%的老年肺癌患者吸烟指数＞400，吸烟时间越长肺癌发病率和死亡率越高。老年肺癌中晚期肺癌患者约占80.0%，其中多数伴有免疫功能缺陷。
    老年肺癌以鳞癌多见，并好发于老年男性，长期抽烟史的患者。有研究表明，鳞癌与年龄呈正相关关系。年龄越大，肿瘤的恶性程度越低。
    另外，老年人多伴有组织细胞的退行性改变，生理机能下降，从而影响器官功能。与肺癌相关密切的是心肺功能，最常见的合并症有心脑血管疾病(23％)，慢性阻塞性肺疾病(22％)以及其它肿瘤(18％)。
    老年肺癌的症状
    老年肺癌患者最常见首发症状是咳嗽、咳痰伴气促，其中气促为晚期肺癌患者最常见十大主诉之一，呼吸困难伴痰血者占1／3～1／4，这些症状与其它呼吸道疾病十分相似，尤其是老年人多伴有COPD（慢性阻塞性肺疾病）及心血管疾病，咳嗽、咳痰伴气促及呼吸困难均较为常见，缺乏诊断特异性。
    老年患者的肺癌治疗用药注意事项
    由于老年患者基础代谢较低，机体储备能力差，与药物代谢关系密切的肝肾功能不佳，从而使药物排泄能力下降，血药浓度偏高，因此在用药过程中需要充分把握药物的剂量，保证治疗的安全性。此外，老年器官组织对多数药物反应敏感，比年轻的患者更容易引起不良反应，药物的效应不仅与血药浓度有关，且与器官组织反应有关，在用药中需要注意过敏这一因素。
    因老年患者的身体因素等特殊原因，常常不能接受手术，放化疗等西医治疗方式，只能选择姑息治疗。中医中药治疗肺癌成了老年患者最合适的治疗方式之一。针对老年患者体弱，以多采用扶正中药，提高身体免疫力，以达到抗肿瘤的效果。

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==== 汉译英 ====
With the aging of society, old age the incidence of lung cancer increased year by year. 75.0% of elderly patients with lung cancer, smoking index "400, smoking and lung cancer, the longer the higher morbidity and mortality. Lung cancer in elderly patients with advanced lung cancer, accounting for about 80.0%, most of them associated with immune dysfunction.

    With squamous cell lung cancer in elderly more common, and occur in the older men, long-term smoking history of patients. Studies have shown that squamous cell carcinoma showed a positive correlation with age. Older, the lower the degree of malignant tumors.

    In addition, many elderly people accompanied by degenerative tissue changes in physiological function decline, thus affecting organ function. And lung cancer is closely related to heart and lung functions, the most common complications determined to cerebrovascular disease (23%), chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (22%) and other tumors (18%).

    Symptoms of lung cancer in elderly

    Elderly patients with lung cancer the most common first symptom is a cough, sputum with shortness of breath, shortness of breath for advanced lung cancer patients in which the most common chief complaint of one of the top ten, difficulty in breathing with blood sputum accounted for 1 / 3 ~ 1 / 4, these symptoms with other respiratory diseases are very similar, particularly the elderly more associated with COPD (chronic obstructive pulmonary disease) and cardiovascular diseases, cough, sputum with shortness of breath and breathing difficulties are more common, lack of diagnostic specificity.

    Treatment of lung cancer in elderly patients with drug Notes

    Because elderly patients with a lower basal metabolism, body reserve capacity is poor, and drug metabolism in liver and kidney functions closely related to the poor so that a reduced ability to excrete drugs, high blood concentration, and therefore need to take full advantage of the process of medication dosage, to ensure the safety of the treatment. In addition, the old organs and tissues sensitive to most drugs than younger patients more likely to cause adverse reactions, the effects of drugs and blood drug concentration is not only related with the organ and tissue reaction related to the medication needs to pay attention allergic to this factor.

    Due to physical factors in elderly patients with special reasons, are often unable to receive surgery, chemotherapy and other Western medical treatments can only choose palliative care. Chinese medicine treatment of elderly patients with lung cancer has become one of the ways the most appropriate treatment. For the frail elderly patients in order to use more righting Chinese medicine, improve the body immunity, in order to achieve anti-tumor effect.