肺癌

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　　1.为什么肺癌发现时多为晚期？
　　王俊教授：因为发病隐匿，症状不典型，肺实质感觉神经末梢不发达，肿瘤生长到一定程度才有症状。

　　2.为什么不同医生告诉不同的疗法？
　　王俊教授：首先是检查不全所致，照了片子，肺里长了小结节，找外科大夫看，说可以做手术。过些天又做一个检查，发现骨转移了，再找一个大夫看，大夫说不能做手术了，你晚期了。病人纳闷，别的大夫说可以做手术，你说不能做手术，这是因为检查不全面，不同时期找了不同的大夫。

　　3.为什么早期肺癌手术后还有复发和转移呢？
　　王俊教授：目前检查手段还难以发现微小的转移灶，可能导致分期不准。所以早期肺癌手术后5年生存率应该是百分之百，但为什么现在只有60%呢？就是因为手术前其实已经有微小的转移，只是没有发现。第二是治疗问题，手术切除不彻底或者不规范。

　　4.为什么民间传说肺癌一动（活检）转移就快呢？
　　王俊教授：这有一定的科学道理，比如肺癌穿刺活检可能导致种植。但还有一些是假象，相当部分活检病人都是晚期，本来已有转移。另外有些人早年皮肤或者表浅软组织恶性肿瘤在农村和小医院不规范切除后反复复发。

　　5.为什么有人说肺癌开刀死得更快呢？
　　王俊教授：肺癌手术长期生存率本来就低，而且肺切掉多少就少多少，如果心肺功能不好，病人可能死于并发症。第二是对不合适的病人做了不恰当的手术。晚期病人已经转移了，非要做手术，手术后病人要恢复很长时间，这段时间又不能做综合治疗，所以病人转移灶迅速生长。所以只有给合适的病人做恰当的手术，才能最大获益。

　　6.为什么有医生说肺癌胸腔镜切不干净呢？
　　王俊教授：事实是可以切干净的，这一点已得到国际上的公认，胸腔镜手术效果甚至优于传统的开胸手术。过去开胸的做法，一个有经验的医生处理一个血管需要5分钟，现在胸腔镜则快得多，所以不是技术不好，而是看是否用得好。

　　7.为什么有时肺癌治疗越彻底反而效果不好呢？
　　王俊教授：比如早期肺癌术后放疗，晚期病人过度治疗。

　　8.为什么说肺癌可以预防。
　　王俊教授：从小不抽烟，减少空气污染，可以减少一半以上的肺癌发病率。

　　9.为什么在综合性医院做肺癌手术更安全？
　　王俊教授：得肺癌的人大多是老年人，老年人伴随很多其他的疾病，如高血压、心脏病、肺功能不好等。手术可能都是一样的做法，但术后发生并发症时，肿瘤医院缺少紧急处理心、肺等并发症的能力。如果术后心梗发作，综合性医院就有优势了，如果在我们北京大学人民医院20分钟内就可以放上血管支架。所以肿瘤专科有优势，也有不足，尤其是对有慢性疾病的老年病人。

==== 汉译英 ====
1. Why do more for the advanced lung cancer discovered?
Professor Wang Jun: Because occult disease, atypical symptoms, developed lung sensory nerve endings in real terms, to a certain degree of tumor growth only symptoms.

2. Why the different treatment of different doctors tell?
Professor Wang Jun: The first is the incomplete checks, according to the film, lung nodules in long, look for surgeons to see, that can operate on. After a few days then do a check and found that bone metastases, and find a doctor to see, the doctor said no surgery, you advanced the. Patients wonder, other doctors say could be an operation, you can not perform an operation, it is because checks are not comprehensive, different times to find a different doctor.

3. Why have early lung cancer recurrence and metastasis after surgery then?
Professor Wang Jun: the current inspection methods is also difficult to find small metastases may result in installments are not allowed. Therefore, early 5-year survival after lung cancer surgery should be 100 percent, but why are only 60%? Is because prior to surgery has been tiny in fact the transfer, but not found. The second problem is the treatment, surgical resection is not complete or is not standardized.

4. Why is the folklore of a moving lung cancer (biopsy) transfer to fast?
Professor Wang Jun: This has some scientific truth, such as lung biopsy may lead to planting. But some are false, a considerable part of biopsy patients are late, had been transferred. Some other early skin or superficial soft tissue sarcoma in rural and small hospitals are not standardized repeated recurrence after resection.

5. Why do some people say that lung cancer surgery die faster?
Professor Wang Jun: lung cancer survival rate already low, and how much to cut off a small number of lung, heart and lung function if the poor, the patient may die of complications. The second patient is not appropriate to do an inappropriate surgery. Advanced patient has been transferred, and insisted surgery, after surgery the patient to resume a long time, this time not able to do comprehensive treatment, the patients rapidly growing metastases. Therefore, only the right of patients to make appropriate operation to maximum benefit.

6. Why cut thoracoscopic lung doctor said it is not clean?
Professor Wang Jun: The fact is you can cut clean, and this has been recognized internationally, and even assisted thoracoscopic surgery results than traditional thoracotomy. Over the past thoracotomy approach, an experienced medical treatment a vascular 5 minutes, thoracoscopy is now much faster, so not a bad technology, but to see if good use.

7. Why is sometimes the more radical but effective treatment of lung cancer wrong with that?
Professor Wang Jun: such as early stage lung cancer after radiotherapy, patients with advanced over-treatment.

8. Why is that lung cancer can be prevented.
Professor Wang Jun: small non-smoking, reduce air pollution, can reduce the incidence of lung cancer for more than half.

9. Why did lung surgery general hospitals more secure?
Professor Wang Jun: the cancer mostly the elderly, the elderly with many other diseases, such as hypertension, heart disease, lung function was unsatisfactory. Surgery may have been the same Zuofa, but the postoperative complications, the Cancer Hospital Queshao emergency management Xin, lung complications such as ability. If after heart attack, there are advantages of a general hospital, Beijing University People's Hospital, if we can put 20 minutes stent. So there are advantages tumor specialist, also have shortcomings, especially in elderly patients with chronic diseases.