肺癌

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      肺癌在早期并没有什么特殊症状，仅为一般呼吸系统疾病所共有的症状，如咳嗽、痰血、低热、胸痛、气闷等，很容易忽略。
　　肺癌早期常见症状的具体表现：
　　1.咳嗽。肺癌因长在支气管肺组织上，通常会产生呼吸道刺激症状而发生刺激性咳嗽。
　　2.低热。肿瘤堵住支气管后往往有阻塞性肺叶存在，程度不一，轻者仅有低热，重者则有高热，用药后可暂时好转，但很快又会复发。
　　3.胸部胀痛。肺癌早期胸痛较轻，主要表现为闷痛、隐痛、部位不一定，与呼吸的关系也不确定。如胀痛持续发生则说明癌症有累及胸膜的可能。
　　4.痰血。肿瘤炎症致坏死、毛细血管破损时会有少量出血，往往与痰混合在一起，呈间歇或断续出现。很多肺癌病人就是因痰血而就诊的。
      5.关节肿痛。疼痛主要在大关节，多为锞关节，次为腕关节，无游走性，与天气变化无关，局部可出现肿胀，X线照片除偶见骨膜增厚外，多无其他异常。部分患者可有杆状指(趾)表现。临床上把这些症状称为肺源性骨关节病或异位生长激素综合症。服用抗风湿止痛药并不能使整个病程好转，而肺部的病灶一经切除，关节痛的症状也就随之消失。
    6.皮肤变化。有少部分人在早期可表现皮肤痞痒性皮疹、皮肌炎、带状疱疹等。
    7.内分泌系统紊乱。少数病人还可见进行性肌无力、肌肉萎缩，糖尿病，下肢浮肿，男性乳房增大、睾丸萎缩等。

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===== 英译 =====

Of lung cancer at an early stage and no special symptoms, only the general symptoms of common respiratory diseases, such as cough, sputum blood, fever, chest pain, tightness, etc., it is easy to overlook.
Common symptoms of early lung cancer, the specific performance:
1. Cough. Of lung cancer in bronchial lung tissue due to a long, usually produce respiratory irritation irritating cough symptoms occur.
2. Low heat. After the tumor is often blocked bronchial obstructive lung exist, with varying degrees of light were only slight fever, severe cases, there are high fever, may be temporarily improved after treatment, but soon again relapse.
3. Chest pain. Mild chest pain of early lung cancer, mainly for men Tong, pain, position is not necessarily, and the relationship between breathing is uncertain. If pain continues to occur is illustrated in the possibility of cancer involving the pleura.
4. Sputum blood. Inflammation-induced tumor necrosis, capillary damage there would be a small amount of bleeding, often associated with sputum mixed together, there was intermittent or intermittent. Many lung cancer patients is the result of the blood and sputum to consult a doctor.
5. Joint swelling and pain. Pain, mainly in large joints, mostly for ingot joints, plays for the wrist joint, non-migratory, has nothing to do with the weather, local swelling may appear, X-ray photograph except occasionally thickened periosteum, a number no other abnormalities. Some patients may have rod-shaped fingers (toes) performance. Clinically, these symptoms of bone and joint disease known as pulmonary or ectopic hormone syndrome. Taking anti-rheumatic pain medication does not make the entire course of recovery in the lungs after a resection of the lesions, joint pain, symptoms also disappear.
    6. Skin changes. There are a handful of people at an early stage may show swelling of the liver itchy skin rash, dermatomyositis, herpes zoster.
    7. Endocrine system disorders. A small number of patients can also be found engaging in sexual weakness, muscle atrophy, diabetes, lower limb edema, increased male breast, testicular atrophy.