肺癌

肺癌 肺癌早期症状

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　　神经系统症状：肺癌脑转移可出现头痛、呕吐、突然昏迷、失语、偏瘫等神经系统症状，因肺部症状不明显，常误诊为血栓、脑肿瘤。
　　声音嘶哑：肺癌转移灶压迫喉神经，可使声带单板机麻痹而致声音嘶哑。由于肺癌的转移灶在早期即可出现，且转移灶有时可长得比原发灶快，因此转移灶的临床表现可先于原发灶出现。
    骨关节症状：此类症状较为多见。由于肺癌细胞可产生某些特殊的内分泌激素(异源性激素)、抗原和酶，这些物质运转作用于骨关节部位，而致骨节肿胀疼痛，常累及胫、腓、尺、桡等骨及关节，指趾末端往往膨大呈杵状指，X线摄片检查可见骨膜增生。
　　肩背痛：肺外围型肺癌常侵蚀胸膜，累及肋骨和胸壁组织，从而引起肩背痛。这类患者很少有呼吸道症状。
　　男性乳房肥大：男性肺癌患者约有10%—20%出现乳腺肿大，多数为双侧肿大，而且这种症状出现时间比咳嗽、痰中带血、胸痛、气促等肺部症状早一年左右。这是因为某些肺癌细胞能分泌出绒毛膜促性腺激素，这种激素可引起乳腺组织增生，使乳房肥大。
    约有三分之一的早期肺癌没有症状，还有一部分病人尽管有轻微的早期症状，但未重视或被误诊，而延误了病情。所以要发现早期的肺癌病人，还需经常性地进行大规模的人群普查，特别是对发病率较高的厂矿、城市，每年应进行一次普查。还要警惕以上叙述的肺癌的早期症状和肺外表现，以便早期诊断，避免误诊。

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==== 汉译英 ====

　Nervous system symptoms: lung cancer with brain metastasis may be headache, and vomiting, the onset of coma, aphasia, hemiplegia and other neurological symptoms due to pulmonary symptoms was not obvious, and often misdiagnosed as thrombosis, brain tumor.
Hoarseness: Lung cancer metastasis laryngeal nerve compression will enable SBC vocal cord paralysis Erzhi hoarseness. As the metastasis of lung cancer can occur at an early stage, and metastases can sometimes grow faster than the original lesion, the clinical manifestations of metastases may occur prior to the primary tumor.
    Bone and joint symptoms: these symptoms are more prevalent. Because lung cancer cells can produce some special endocrine hormone (heterologous sex hormone), antigens and enzymes, these substances act on the bone joints running an extent which rendered swelling and pain in joints, often involving the posterior tibial, peroneal, ulnar, radial and other bones and joints, Zhi Zhi terminal is often swelling was clubbed fingers, X-ray examination showed periosteal proliferation.
Shoulder pain: peripheral-type lung cancer often eroded lung pleura, involving the ribs and chest wall organization, which led to the shoulders and back pain. Few of these patients with respiratory symptoms.
Male breast enlargement: The male patients with lung cancer about 10% -20% develop breast enlargement, mostly bilateral swelling, and this time than the onset of symptoms cough, bloody sputum, chest pain, shortness of breath and other lung symptoms as early as 1 years. This is because some lung cancer cells can secrete human chorionic gonadotropin, this hormone can cause breast tissue to breast hypertrophy.
    About one-third of early stage lung cancer has no symptoms, there are some patients despite mild early symptoms, but did not attach importance to or misdiagnosed, and delayed condition. So, to find early stage lung cancer patients need to regularly carry out large-scale mass screening, especially for the higher incidence of factories, mines, cities, a survey should be carried out each year. Described above should also guard against the early symptoms of lung cancer and extrapulmonary manifestations for early diagnosis and avoid misdiagnosis.