肺癌

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　　肩臂痛的诱因很多，可因神经、脊髓病变，肌肉、关节、骨、筋膜韧带、肌腱、滑囊等病变引起。在炎症肿胀、充血或缺血的情况下，刺激痛觉也可引起肩臂疼痛。但是，老年人若突然出现肩臂痛或有逐渐加重的肩臂痛，并伴有呼吸道症状，经治疗无效者，则要警惕有无肺癌。有文献报道，老年人的肺癌合并有肩臂痛的发生率达72％。
　　由肺癌产生的肩臂症状有以下特点：
　　一、初起时轻度酸胀，以后以痛为主，剧烈时则呈放电样疼痛．用止痛药只能暂缓解痛，不能阻止疼痛进行性加重。
    二、大部分疼痛发生在癌肿的同侧肩臂，少数为双臂痛。
　　三、多伴有肢体乏力或麻木，不能抬举，不能持物。
　　四、多数伴有呼吸道症状，如咳嗽、血痰等。
　　五、常伴有颈部或锁骨上淋巴结肿大，甚至上腔静脉出现综合症，如脸部浮肿，颈粗、上胸臂静脉怒胀．

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==== 汉译英 ====

Jian Bi incentive to a lot of pain may be due to nerves, the spinal cord lesion, muscle, joint, bone, fascia ligament, tendon, bursa and other diseases caused by. In the inflammatory swelling, congestion, or ischemic conditions, the stimulation of pain may also cause pain Jianbi. However, if the sudden appearance of the elderly have more severe pain or Jianbi of Jianbi pain, accompanied by respiratory symptoms, no response after treatment, whether there will have to guard against lung cancer. Are reported in the literature, the elderly, complicated with lung cancer incidence rate of pain Jianbi 72%.
Jian Bi generated by the symptoms of lung cancer has the following characteristics:
One, beginning when the mild Suanzhang, based on subsequent pain, severe pain, when the sample was discharged. Can only be temporarily used painkillers to ease pain, can not stop the pain and progressive increase.
    Second, the majority of cancer pain occurred in the ipsilateral Jian Bi, a few of arms pain.
Third, many accompanied by limb weakness or numbness, can not be flattering and can not hold things.
4, most accompanied by respiratory symptoms such as cough, blood sputum and so on.
5, often accompanied by neck or supraclavicular lymph nodes, and even appeared on the superior vena cava syndrome, such as facial swelling, neck thick, the chest arm veins bulging anger.