肺癌

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　　肺癌晚期的症状表现有哪些？
　　肺癌疼痛：疼痛是肺癌晚期患者经常表现出来的症状，大多数已发生胸内区域性播散的肺癌患者均有胸痛的症状。
　　面、颈部水肿也是肺癌晚期症状中比较常见的，若肿瘤侵及纵隔右侧压迫上腔静脉，最初会使颈静脉因回流不畅而怒张，最后还会导致面、颈部水肿，这需要得以及时诊断和处理。
　　声音嘶哑是肺癌晚期症状之一。控制左侧发音功能的喉返神经由颈部下行至胸部，绕过心脏的大血管返行向上至喉，从而支配发音器官的左侧。因此，若肿瘤侵及纵隔左侧，使喉返神经受到压迫，声嘶便产生了，但却无咽痛及上呼吸道感染的其它症状。
　　气促、胸腔积液也是肺癌晚期症状中的表现。最终，发生区域性扩散的肺癌患者几乎都有不同程度的气促。由肺和心肌产生的正常组织液由胸正中的淋巴结回液。若这些淋巴结被肿瘤阻塞，这些组织液将积聚在心包内形成心包积液或积聚在胸腔内形成胸腔积液。以上两种情况均可导致气促。
　　此外，由于一部分肺组织因长有肿瘤而丧失呼吸功能，从而使正个呼吸功能受损而产生呼吸不适，这种不适感起初只在运动时产生，最终连休息时也感觉得到。

==== 汉译英 ====
Late symptoms of lung cancer have?
Cancer pain: pain is often shown in patients with advanced lung cancer symptoms, most have occurred within the regional spread of breast cancer patients had symptoms of chest pain.
Face, neck edema is more common symptoms of advanced lung cancer, if the right mediastinal tumor invasion and oppression of the superior vena cava, jugular vein due to return to the original cause poor and engorgement, and finally will lead to face, neck edema, which need to be timely diagnosis and treatment.
Hoarse voice is one of the symptoms of advanced lung cancer. Control function of the left recurrent laryngeal nerve pronunciation down from the neck to the chest, heart, great vessels to bypass the line back up to the throat, which dominated the left side of the vocal organs. Therefore, if the tumor and mediastinal invasion of the left recurrent laryngeal nerve to be oppressed, hoarseness arose, but no sore throat and other symptoms of upper respiratory tract infection.
Shortness of breath, pleural effusion is also a symptom of the performance of advanced lung cancer. In the end, the regional spread of lung cancer occurred in varying degrees of shortness of breath almost. Produced by the normal lung and cardiac tissue fluid from the thoracic lymph nodes back to the center of liquid. If these lymph nodes are tumor obstruction, the tissue fluid to accumulate in the pericardium to form the accumulation of pericardial effusion or pleural effusion in the pleural cavity formation. Both cases can lead to shortness of breath.
In addition, as part of the tumor in the lung tissue due to a long lost respiratory function, so that is a breathing impairment caused by respiratory discomfort, this discomfort at first only produced during exercise, at the end, when they feel the rest.