肺癌

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　　癌症患者的“四大名补”方如今，很多癌症患者在饮食方面存在误区。一种人什么都不敢吃，想“饿死”癌细胞。另一种人则认为癌症要大吃大补。
　　国家中西医结合肿瘤重点学科、南京军区福州总院肿瘤科欧阳学农主任指出，不同的癌症患者以及癌症的不同时期，饮食须有所不同。癌症早中期多属阴虚内热，应忌辛温燥热属性的食品；癌症中晚期多为虚证，饮食上主张温补脾胃、益气生血，而性属寒凉的食品，则应少吃或不吃。通过科学饮食改善机体的营养状况，可提高治疗效果及生活质量。
　　癌症病人的味觉减退，食欲下降，消化功能很差。专家认为，应根据病人的消化能力，采取少量多餐，粗细搭配，流质、软食与硬食交替，甜咸互换等形式。主食以稀饭、线面和面食为主。癌症病人每日从食物中摄入的总热量应不低于正常人的最低要求，并以优质蛋白为主，如鸡蛋、牛奶、肉类、豆制品等。
　　对此，肿瘤科专家为胃癌、肺癌、肝癌和鼻咽癌等常见的癌症患者开出“四大名补”食疗方：

　　肺癌——百合杏仁粥
　　肺癌患者亦可多喝百合粥、杏仁粥，可酌情选用水鸭、猪肺、白木耳等。体虚、舌质红时可选用黑白木耳、蜂蜜。痰多、咳喘者可食用雪里蕻、竹笋、大头鱼、萝卜、枇杷等。黄脓痰多时可食用生梨、柿子。

　　胃癌——多吃鱼、少喝牛奶
　　胃癌患者做胃切除术后，早期不宜喝牛奶，喝牛奶易引起腹泻，而晚期也应少喝牛奶。饮食以健脾胃为主，可进食猪肉、鸭肉，一般不主张吃鸡肉，牛肉、羊肉类也应少吃。兔肉宜清炖，不宜红烧。多吃有鳞的鱼，如草鱼、鲤鱼、黄花鱼、鲢鱼等，少吃无鳞的鱼，如鳗鱼等。

　　鼻咽癌——麦冬或绞股蓝泡茶
　　鼻咽癌患者易出现口干、口苦、干咳等症状，此类症状属体质偏虚热，可选用西洋参炖鸭子、麦冬泡茶或绞股蓝泡茶喝，也可以用滋补类燕窝炖蛋。

　　肝癌——喝鲤鱼汤
　　肝癌患者可多进食牛奶，患者有黄疸时可食用鲤鱼汤、苜蓿等；腹水时可选食冬瓜、莴苣、赤豆、鲤鱼、西瓜等。

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==== 汉译英 ====
Cancer patients, "the four names up" side now, many cancer patients there errors in the diet. What kind of person not to eat, want to "starve" cancer cells. Another one is that the cancer should eat nourishing.
State key disciplines of Integrative Oncology, Fuzhou General Hospital of Nanjing Military Region, Shenyang University of tumor Koo Agriculture Director pointed out that different cancer patients and cancer of different stages, food must be different. Cancer, mostly early and mid-yin deficiency heat, hot property should avoid the food warm Sim; mostly advanced cancer syndrome, the diet advocated Warming stomach, replenishing qi and Blood, which is cold and cool nature of food, should eat less or do not eat. Through scientific diet to improve the nutritional status of the body, can improve treatment and quality of life.
Cancer patients diminished sense of taste, loss of appetite, poor digestion. Experts believe that should be based on the patient's digestive ability, take smaller meals, with thick, liquid, soft food and hard food alternately, sweet, the form of exchange. Staple food to rice porridge, noodles and pasta main line. Cancer patients in daily food intake from the total calories should not be lower than that of the minimum requirements, and high quality protein-based, such as eggs, milk, meat, bean products.
In this regard, oncology experts stomach, lung, liver and nasopharyngeal cancer patients to open a common "four names up" therapeutic side:

Lung Cancer - Lily almond porridge
Lily patients with lung cancer can also drink porridge, porridge almonds can be used as appropriate, teal, lung, jelly and so on. Physically weak, red tongue may use black and white fungus, honey. Phlegm, cough and asthma are edible Brassica juncea, bamboo shoots, the bulk of the fish, radish, loquat and so on. Huang Nongtan long edible pears, persimmons.

Gastric cancer - to eat more fish, not drink milk
Do gastrectomy patients with gastric cancer, early should not drink milk, drink milk easily cause diarrhea, but later should drink less milk. Diet mainly to spleen and stomach, can eat pork, duck, generally do not advocate eating chicken, beef, mutton type should eat less. Rabbit should clear beef broth, not braised. Eat more fish have scales, such as grass carp, carp, yellow croaker, silver carp, etc., eat fish without scales, such as the eel.

NPC - Ophiopogon or pentaphyllum tea
NPC patients prone dry mouth, mouth pain, dry cough and other symptoms which are partial and Hot constitution can be adopted duck stew ginseng, Ophiopogon japonicus Gynostemma tea, or tea drink, you can also use invigorate nest brûlée.

Liver Cancer - drinking carp soup
Liver cancer patients can eat more milk, the patient has jaundice edible carp soup, alfalfa, etc.; ascites when the optional water gourd, lettuce, bean, carp, and watermelons.