肺癌

    灰树花（又名舞茸）是食、药兼用蕈菌，属担子菌亚门层菌纲非褶菌目多孔菌科树花菌属。灰树花的异名很多，有些著作称之为贝叶多孔菌，河北叫做栗子蘑、栗蘑，四川叫千佛菌，《福建通志》中称为重菇，而当地群众把它叫做莲花菇，北京市延庆县东山地区称之为甜瓜板，还有叫奇果菌或叶奇果菌的。由于我国较早的权威专著《中国的真菌》的采用，灰树花便成为比较通用的汉语名称。灰树花具有松蕈样芳香，肉质柔嫩，味如鸡丝，脆似玉兰。据农业部质量检测中心分析河北省迁西人工栽培的灰树花，其营养和口味都胜过号称菇中之王的香菇，能烹调成多种美味佳肴，是极其珍贵的高档食用蕈菌。

　　灰树花具有极高的医疗保健功能。据文献报导，它有抑制高血压和肥胖症的功效；由于富含铁、铜和维他命C，它能预防贫血、坏血病、白癜风，防止动脉硬化和脑血栓的发生；它的硒和铬含量较高，有保护肝脏、胰脏，预防肝硬化和糖尿病的作用；硒含量高使其还具有防治克山病、大骨节病和某些心脏病的功能；它兼含钙和维生素D，两者配合，能有效地防治佝偻病；较高的锌含量有利大脑发育、保持视觉敏锐，促进伤口愈合；高含量的维生素E和硒配合，使之能抗衰老、增强记忆力和灵敏度。灰树花还是引人注目的抗癌药源，一方面，较高的硒含量有抗御癌肿的作用，尤其是所含灰树花多糖(Grifolan)，以β-葡聚糖(glucan)为主，其中抗癌活性最强，带6条支链的β-(1，3)-葡聚糖占相当大的比重，据说比已经面市的香菇多糖(Lentinan，日本 的PSK,)、云芝多糖 (上海的PSP)等有更强的抗癌能力；同时它又是极好的免疫调节剂。作为中药，灰树花和猪苓等效，可治小便不利、水肿、脚气、肝硬化腹水及糖尿病等，是非常宝贵的药用真菌。
　　浙江医科大学对其抗癌作用研究较深，于1992年开发了以灰树花提取物为内容的新药“保力生”，浙江庆元已批量生产以灰树花多糖为主要成分的中药“保力生胶囊”。

灰树花的药用价值
　　灰树花（又叫舞茸，学名：Grifola frondosa，英文名：Maitake），原产于日本北部山区，是一种药食两用菇类，味道佳口感好且有传承药效，自古以来作为日本皇室的贡品备受推崇。因为人们在深山里发现这种等价于白银的菇类会兴奋得手舞足蹈，因此得名“舞茸”。这种传奇的菇类知道80年代中期才人工栽培成功，此后以日本为主的科学家在化学、生化学、药理学等方面对舞茸进行了广泛的研究，证明了舞茸是最有价值的药食两用菇类，特别是从舞茸中提取的最有效活性成分舞茸D-fraction具有极强的抗癌功效，被誉为：“真菌之王，抗癌奇葩”。
　　舞茸中含有以β-（1-6）结合为主链β-（1-3）结合为侧链的葡聚糖和以β-（1-3）结合为主链β-（1-6）结合为侧链的活性葡聚糖，实验证明这些活性葡聚糖可通过活化免疫功能而显著抑制肿瘤的生长；同时还发现纯化的活性葡聚糖只有通过注射才能显效，而舞茸D-fraction（活性葡聚糖和蛋白的结合物）通过口服便可得到理想的效果。舞茸D-fraction无论是化学结构和组成成分或是分子量都有别于从香菇、云芝、灵芝、等其他菇类提取的同类物质，其生物活性也是这些同类物质所无法比拟的。
　　动物实验和临床实验显示舞茸D-fraction是通过以下几个方面来发挥防癌抗癌作用
　　1、活化吞噬细胞、自然杀手细胞、伤害性T细胞等免疫细胞，诱导白细胞素，干扰素-γ，肿瘤坏死因子-α等细胞因子的分泌。
　　2、诱导癌细胞凋亡。
　　3、与传统的化学治疗药物（丝裂霉素、卡莫斯丁等）合用，既增加药效，又减轻化疗过程中的毒副作用。
　　4、与免疫治疗药物（干扰素-α2b）有协同作用。
　　5、减缓晚期癌症患者的疼痛，增加食欲，改善患者的生活质量。
　　美国麦克保健食品公司是第一个系统研究舞茸的权威保健品公司，其生产的舞茸精滴剂对改善肿瘤患者生活质量能起到很好效果。

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==== 汉译英 ====

Grifola frondosa (also known as Maitake) is a food, drug use either mushroom, is a layer of bacteria Basidiomycotina Class of non-Aphyllophorales Polyporaceae tree flowers sp. Maitake's a lot of different names, and some writings called Polyporus fungus, Hebei called chestnut mushrooms, chestnut mushrooms, Sichuan, known as terra-bacteria, "Annals of Fujian," called heavy mushrooms, while the local people call it Lotus mushrooms, Beijing Yanqing County, Dongshan district board called the melon, as well as bacteria called strange fruit or fruit YIP Kei bacteria. Because the authority of China's earlier monograph, "China's fungi," the adoption of Grifola become more common Chinese name.  Maitake mushroom has a pine-like aroma, tender meat, taste like chicken, crisp like Magnolia. Quality Inspection Center, according to analysis of Ministry of Agriculture, Hebei Province, Qianxi cultivated Grifola, their nutrition and taste are better than known as the king of mushrooms in the mushroom, can be cooked into a variety of delicious dishes, is extremely valuable high-grade edible mushroom. 

Maitake has a very high health-care functions. According to literature reports, it has inhibited the effectiveness of high blood pressure and obesity; as rich in iron, copper and vitamin C, it can prevent anemia, scurvy, vitiligo, prevent the occurrence of arteriosclerosis and cerebral thrombosis; its selenium and chromium a high content of the protection of the liver, pancreas, liver cirrhosis and diabetes prevention role; it also has a high content of selenium in prevention of Keshan disease, Kashin-Beck disease and certain heart function; it and calcium and vitamin D, combination of the two, can effectively prevent rickets; a high zinc content beneficial to brain development, maintaining visual acuity, promote wound healing; high levels of vitamin E and selenium co-ordination to enable anti-aging, enhance memory and sensitivity. Grifola frondosa is remarkable anti-cancer drug source, on the one hand, higher levels of selenium have anti-cancer role, in particular, contained in the polysaccharide from Grifola frondosa (Grifolan), with β-glucan (glucan) as the Lord, in which the strongest anti-tumor activity, with six branch chain β-(1,3) - glucan account for a large proportion is said to have been available over the mushroom polysaccharide (Lentinan, Japan, PSK,), Coriolus versicolor polysaccharide (Shanghai, PSP), etc. have a stronger anti-cancer capabilities; the same time, it is also an excellent immune modulator. As a traditional Chinese medicine, Maitake, and Zhuling equivalent, can cure the negative urine, edema, beriberi, cirrhosis and diabetes is a very valuable medicinal fungi. 
Zhejiang Medical University, deeper study of its anticancer effect in 1992, developed by Maitake extract the content of the new drug "Bao Lisheng," Zhejiang Qingyuan in volume production in Grifola frondosa polysaccharide as the main ingredient of Chinese medicine " Bao-Li-sheng capsule. " 

The medicinal value of Grifola frondosa
Grifola frondosa (also known as Maitake, scientific name: Grifola frondosa, English name: Maitake), originated in the mountains of northern Japan, is a drug edible mushrooms, taste, taste good and have good efficacy tradition since ancient times as a Japanese royal tribute respected. Because people in the mountains found that the equivalent of silver dancing mushrooms will be excited, hence the name "Maitake." This legendary mushroom known cultivated until the mid-80s success, since the Japanese-based scientists in chemistry, biochemistry, pharmacology and other aspects of Maitake conducted extensive studies proved that Maitake is the most valuable medicine edible mushrooms, particularly from the Maitake extract the most effective active ingredients Maitake D-fraction has strong anti-cancer effect, known as: "King of fungal, anti-tumor wonderful work."
Maitake contains in β-(1-6) with the main chain of β-(1-3) combined for the side chains of the dextran and in β-(1-3) with the main chain of β-(1-6 ) combined with the activity of glucan side chains experiment to prove that the activity of-glucan by activation of immune function and significantly inhibited tumor growth; also found that the activity of purified only through the injection of dextran can be markedly, while the Maitake D - fraction (activity of glucan and protein conjugates) can be obtained by oral administration of the desired results. Maitake D-fraction, whether the chemical structure and composition or molecular weight are different from those from the mushroom, Coriolus versicolor, Ganoderma lucidum, and other similar substances extracted from mushrooms, their biological activity is also these same substances can not be compared.
Animal experiments and clinical experiments showed that Maitake D-fraction is through the following aspects to play the role of anti-cancer
1, activation of phagocytic cells, natural killer cells, T cells and other harmful immune cells to induce leukocyte hormone, interferon-γ, tumor necrosis factor-α and other cytokines secretion.
2, induced apoptosis in cancer cells.
3, with the traditional chemotherapy drugs (mitomycin, Kamosiding, etc.) useful, both to increase efficacy, but also reduce the toxic side effects of chemotherapy in the process.
4, and immunotherapy drugs (interferon-α2b) have synergistic effect.
5, mitigation of pain in patients with advanced cancer, increase appetite, improve patient quality of life.
The U.S. health food company Mike is the first systematic study Maitake the authority of the health care products company whose products Maitake fine drops in improving quality of life of cancer patients can play very good.