肺癌

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    中医治疗
 
    治疗肺癌应在中医辨证理论具体指导下，辨明虚实邪正，在整体和局部相结合的理论观点上，抗癌治疗和扶正固本治疗相结合，辨证治疗与辨病治疗相结合。中医学认为肺癌发病的病因病机是正气内虚、痰凝毒聚和脏腑阴阳失调，具体辨证分型又有5~6种之多，但仔细研究，究其根本，则为"气虚"。
    正气内虚当为气虚，不需阐述；痰凝毒聚，其因则为水湿停留，气不足而运化不利导致；脏腑阴阳失调，脏腑功能降低，亦是气虚表现。肺为娇脏，五脏之华盖，阳常不足，故其"气虚"之中应以"阳虚"为主。纵观医家之论，鲜有把"阳虚"定为肺癌病机根本之说。笔者参阅部分学者意见（附于后）根据实践观察应用，证实该病机探讨正确，以此指导临床治疗，已取得了较好的疗效。
    在临床实践中观察到绝大多数肺癌患者，尤其是早中期、中晚期患者，均表现为舌质偏胖，苔薄白，其他如面色苍白、乏力、倦怠等阳气虚证或多或少，或明显或不明显地存在着。经用温阳扶正药调理后好转，但停一段时间（1个月左右）后又基本恢复原状，再用温阳药物又得以改善。故笔者根据中医学的病机分析及医疗实践证明，肺癌的根本病理病机为"阳气虚"，故温阳益气之法宜贯穿于肺癌治疗的始终。
其基本方（肺癌主方）为：
人参（或西洋参）10g，黄芪30g，麦门冬15g，五味子9g，桂枝20g，炮附子30~60g（先煎），菟丝子15g，女贞子15g，鹿茸3g，仙灵脾15g，沙参15g。
（一）辨证分型治疗
1.脾虚痰湿型
证候：咳嗽痰多，胸闷纳呆，神疲乏力，面色苍白，大便溏薄，舌质淡胖，苔白腻，脉濡缓或濡滑。
治法：健脾除湿，温阳益气，化痰散结。
方药：肺癌主方，选加健脾化湿药，如白术15g、茯苓15g、制半夏10g、陈皮10g、薏苡仁15g、牡蛎30g、象贝母15g等。
2.气阴两虚型
证候：咳嗽，无痰或少痰或泡沫痰，或痰黄难咳，痰中带血，胸痛气短，心烦失眠，口干便秘，舌质红，苔花剥或光剥无苔，脉细数。
治法：益气养阴，温阳清肺。
方药：肺癌主方选加益气养阴药，如沙参30g、麦冬15g、白花蛇舌草30g、桑白皮15g、生地15g、夏枯草30g等。
如痰中带血，加仙鹤草15g，小蓟炭15g，阿胶10g（烊化）等药。
3.气滞血瘀型
证候：咳嗽，痰血，气促，胸胁胀满或刺痛，大便干结，舌质有瘀斑或紫斑，苔薄黄，脉弦或涩。
治法：温阳行气，化瘀散结。
方药：肺癌主方选加活血化瘀药，如当归15g、生地15g、桃仁10g、丹参15g、赤芍15g、枳壳10g、郁金10g、川楝子10g等。
4.热毒炽盛型
证候：高热，气急，咳嗽，痰黄稠或血痰，胸痛口苦，口渴欲饮，便秘，尿短赤，舌质红，苔黄而干，脉大而数。
治法：清热泄火，解毒散肿。
方药：白虎承气汤加减。药用：生石膏30g，知母10g，大黄10g，黄连10g，鱼腥草30g，蒲公英15g，仙鹤草15g，生瓜蒌10g，黄芩10g。
该型为肺癌的特殊类型，多为合并肺部感染导致的实热征象，其为标证，实仍为"阳虚"。遵照"急则治其标"之原则，治疗宜清热泄火，解毒散肿，必要时配合静脉用药。待病情好转后，再给予癌肿主方温阳益气随证加减。
5.气血两亏型
证候：面色无华，头昏肢倦，神疲懒言，动则自汗，气短，心悸怔忡，食欲不振，白细胞减少，舌质淡，舌体胖，苔少，脉细。
治法：益气升血，温阳滋阴。
方药：肺癌主方选加益气养血药，如当归9g、补骨脂15g、炒白术12g、鹿角片12g、大熟地20g、大砂仁30g、紫河车12g、枸杞子15g、鸡血藤20g、阿胶10g（烊冲）。
肺癌症候复杂，合并症亦多，随病情发展的不同阶段，辨证也互相错杂，中医又宜贯穿于治疗的始终，故应掌握具体情况灵活运用，才能恰当治疗。

为便于掌握用药，可参考以下常用药物选择加减使用。
咳嗽痰粘：瓜蒌、桔梗、杏仁、前胡、紫菀、葶苈子等。
痰血：藉节、白茅根、仙鹤草、旱莲草、白及、三七等。
痰多难吐：海蛤粉、皂角刺。
气虚自汗：人参、冬虫夏草、五味子、浮小麦、生黄芪、煅龙骨、煅牡蛎等。
口干舌燥：天花粉、生地、玄参、知母、沙参等。
胸背疼痛：元胡、三七、乳香、没药、乌头、云南白药。
胸腔积液：葶苈子、车前子、猪芩、芫花等。
软坚散结：夏枯草、贝母、牡蛎、穿山甲、水蛭、僵蚕、山慈菇等。
抗癌抑瘤：白花蛇舌草、龙葵、蚤休、蛇莓、半枝莲、山豆根、蒲公英、前胡、鱼腥草、夏枯草、黄芩、南星、半夏、斑蝥、蟾蜍、冬虫夏草、守宫、紫草、石见穿、黄药子等。

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==== 汉译英 ====
TCM
Treatment of this disease should be under the guidance of TCM theory, specifically, to identify the actual situation Xie Zheng, in a combination of whole and partial theoretical point of view, anti-cancer therapy and treatment of righting the strengths of combining syndrome differentiation with disease differentiation therapy treatment combination. Chinese medicine believe that the cause of lung cancer patients within the virtual machine is upright, poly-drug Tanning and imbalance of yin and yang organs, specific syndrome type there are as many as 5 ~ 6, but a closer study, study its fundamental, for the "Qi." When the Qi within the virtual righteousness, without elaboration; Tanning poly drug, which was a result of moisture to stay, gas and the negative result of inadequate transportation; imbalance of yin and yang organs, organs function of reduced performance is also a Qi. Lung as Jiao dirty, five internal organs of the canopy, Yang often inadequate, so their "Qi" should be among the "yang" as the mainstay. Doctors look at the theory, seldom the "yang" as the fundamental pathogenesis of lung cancer, said. I refer to the part of the scholarly opinion (attached) According to the application of practical observation, confirmed that the disease of the right machine to guide clinical treatment, had made a good effect. Observed in clinical practice, the vast majority of patients with lung cancer, especially the early and middle stages, the terminally ill, appeared as tongue partial fat and thin white fur, others such as pale, fatigue, malaise, etc. yang deficiency more or less, explicitly or implicitly existed. After conditioning with the drug after Onyang centralizer better, but stopped for some time (a month or so) then the basic form of restitution, then Onyang drug also can be improved. Therefore, the author of Disease According to medical analysis and medical practice proved that the fundamental pathology of lung cancer pathogenesis as a "Yang Qi", so Warming Yang Qi of the law should always run through the treatment of lung cancer. The basic side (lung cancer, the main square) are:
Ginseng (or American Ginseng) 10g, Radix Astragali 30g, wheat Asp 15g, Schisandra 9g, Gui-zhi 20g, guns monkshood 30 ~ 60g (Xian Jian), Dodder 15g, Ligustrum lucidum 15g, velvet 3g, Epimedium 15g, Sha Participation 15g.
(A) Differentiation and Treatment
1. Spleen phlegm type
Syndrome: cough, sputum, chest tightness, torpid intake, Shenpi fatigue, pale stools pond thin, pale tongue, moss Baini, pulse slow, or moisten moisten slippery.
Governing Law: Spleen dehumidification, warming yang Qi, phlegm Sanjie.
Recipe: Lung cancer main parties, the election plus spleen Huashi drugs, such as Atractylodes 15g, Poria 15g, Pinellia system 10g, tangerine peel 10g, Coix Seed 15g, oyster 30g, such as Fritillaria 15g and so on.
2. Qi and Yin Deficiency type
Syndrome: cough, sputum or no sputum or less foam sputum, or phlegm yellow hard cough, bloody sputum, chest pain, shortness of breath, upset, insomnia, dry mouth and constipation, tongue red, moss flowers or light stripping no stripping moss, pulse small number.
Governing law: Prostisol, Onyang clearing the lungs.
Recipe: Lung cancer main parties plus the election Yiqiyangyin drugs, such as Adenophora 30g, Ophiopogon japonicus 15g, Hedyotis diffusa 30g, Cortex Mori 15g, habitat 15g, Prunella 30g and so on.
Such as sputum with blood, add Agrimony 15g, thistle charcoal 15g, donkey-hide gelatin 10g (molten-based) and other drugs.
3. Qi stagnation blood stasis type
Syndrome: cough, sputum blood, shortness of breath, Xiong Xie fullness or tingling, dry stool, tongue with ecchymosis or purpura, moss thin yellow, string, or astringent pulse.
Governing law: Onyang Qi, Huayu Sanjie.
Recipe: Lung cancer main parties elected Canadian blood circulation drugs, such as Chinese angelica 15g, habitat 15g, peach kernel 10g, Salvia miltiorrhiza 15g, red peony 15g, Fructus 10g, turmeric 10g, Fructus Toosendan 10g.
4. Heat-toxin flaming type
Syndrome: high fever, shortness of breath, cough, thick yellow sputum or blood sputum, chest pain, mouth pain, thirst To drink, constipation, urinary short red, tongue red, moss yellow and dry, the number of large veins.
Governing law: heat Xiehuo, detoxification scattered swollen.
Recipe: White Tiger Cheng Qi decoction. Medicinal: Gypsum 30g, Zhimu 10g, rhubarb 10g, Coptis 10g, Houttuynia 30g, dandelion 15g, Agrimony 15g, Health Trichosanthes 10g, Huang Qin 10g.
This type is a special type of lung cancer, mostly caused by pulmonary infection signs of excess heat, which for the standard card is indeed still "yang." In accordance with the "radical then treat the symptoms" principle, treatment should be heat Xiehuo, detoxification scattered swollen, if necessary, with intravenous drug use. Wait for his condition improved, and then to give cancer the main square with the card Warming Yang Qi addition and subtraction.
5. Qi and blood deficiency type 2
Syndrome: looking minimalist, dizziness tired limbs, Shenpi lazy words, moving the spontaneous perspiration, shortness of breath, palpitation, loss of appetite, neutropenia, tongue pale, tongue body fat, less moss, pulse fine.
Governing law: Qi liters of blood, Onyang Ziyin.
Recipe: Lung cancer main parties elected plus nourishing Qi drugs, such as angelica 9g, psoralen 15g, fried Baizhu 12g, antler pieces 12g, large Rehmannia 20g, big Amomum villosum 30g, Placenta 12g, wolfberry fruit 15g, with blood vine 20g, donkey-hide gelatin 10g (molten red).
Lung cancer symptom complex, complications will rise, with the different stages of disease development, dialectical also another jumbled, Chinese medicine throughout the treatment they should always, it should have a flexible use of the specific circumstances in order to appropriate treatment.
In order to facilitate control medication, can refer to the following commonly used drugs choose to use addition and subtraction.
Cough, sputum viscosity: Thichosanthes, balloonflower, almonds, Peucedanum, Aster, Tinglizi so.
Sputum of blood: By Festival, Rhizoma Imperatae, Agrimony, Eclipta prostrata, white, and, 37 and so on.
Sputum hard to spit: Sea Gefen, Gleditsia sinensis thorns.
Qi spontaneous perspiration: ginseng, Cordyceps sinensis, Schisandra, floating wheat, raw Astragalus, Calcined keel, Duan oysters.
Thirsty: trichosanthin, habitat, Scrophulariaceae, Anemarrhena, Adenophora so.
Thoracodorsal pain: Yuan Hu, 37, frankincense, myrrh, aconitine, Yunnan Baiyao.
Pleural effusion: Tinglizi, Plantago, pigs Qin, Yuanhua so.
Ruanjian Sanjie: Prunella, Fritillaria, oysters, pangolins, leech, silkworm, mountain arrowhead so.
Anti-cancer tumor suppressor: Hedyotis diffusa, Solanum nigrum, Paris polyphylla, Indian strawberry, Scutellaria barbata, tonkinensis, dandelion, Peucedanum, Houttuynia, Prunella, Huang Qin, Southern Star, Pinellia, cantharidin, toads, Cordyceps sinensis, Shou Palace, Lithospermum, stone see clothing, Dioscorea bulbifera and so on.