肺癌

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    近年来肺癌发病率不断升高，北京肿瘤医院胸外二科主任杨跃教授提醒广大市民，冬季室内环境相对密闭，空气流通差，市民一定要注意通风换气，预防肺癌。

咳嗽胸痛该排查肺癌
近年来我国癌症发病率不断升高，肺癌的发病率已高达61.4/10万，肺癌已成为我国第一大癌。更令人忧虑的是，肺癌发病率仍呈现着不断攀升的趋势，而且发病人群中青壮年越来越多。
那么，该怎么尽早发现肺癌呢？专家提醒，有以下不舒服的情况一定要尽早到专科医院就诊，如长期、慢性咳嗽，尤其是出现了频繁的刺激性咳嗽；反复咳痰，而且痰里有血丝，甚至呈现鲜红色，这是绝对该警惕的情况。另外，胸痛也该到医院及时检查。
另外，曾经得过肺结核的患者因为肺免疫机能受到影响，转变成肺癌患者的概率在30%，也该警惕肺癌。

吸烟越多越易患肺癌
吸烟已经被公认为是导致肺癌的首要原因,而且肺癌与开始吸烟的年龄、吸烟年数、每天吸烟支数、烟的种类均有相加关系：比起不吸烟者，吸烟者发病率要高10 倍以上。吸烟在20年以上的、开始吸烟年龄在20岁以下的、每天吸烟20支以上的，都属于肺癌的易感人群。
对于吸“二手烟”的被动吸烟者（一个人如果每天被动吸烟15分钟以上就被定为被动吸烟）来说同样不能幸免，美国的研究发现 “吸二手烟”比我们所知道的更危险：一些与吸烟者共同生活的女性患肺癌的概率居然比常人多出6倍！
除了吸烟导致的烟雾外，女性最常接触的厨房烹调油烟也是导致非吸烟患肺癌的一个主要原因。

少吃甜辣油腻
很多人不知道的是，吃的不对也会吃出肺癌。专家指出，饮食中的饱和脂肪也是肺癌的一个高危因素。
红肉在高温加工过程中会产生致癌物异胺环，如果经常吃长时间煮的红肉、煎炸肉，也会增加患肺癌的危险。
除了这些外，工作环境中的呼吸道致癌物，严重的空气污染，室内空气污染，慢性支气管炎, 肺结核、弥漫性肺间质纤维化等肺部慢性疾病，也都会引发肺癌。
要远离肺癌，杨跃教授忠告市民，首先要远离烟草，还要注意室内通风,改善室内空气质量。其次是减少烹调油烟的产生，少油炸煎炒食品，少吃高糖、辛辣刺激的食物、烟熏烧烤、油腻的食物。良好的饮食习惯对于预防肺癌也很重要，要多吃新鲜蔬菜、水果，类胡萝卜素等能够降低肺癌的危险性；苹果里有黄酮类化合物，可以帮助预防肺癌。适量喝红葡萄酒也有助于预防肺癌的发生，但不能喝白酒。
民间一直有“吃啥补啥”的说法，例如吃肝补肝。在预防肺癌的饮食上，民间一直有人认为吃些猪肺或血块可以补肺、清肺，然而杨跃专家指出，这种毫无科学依据的说法在肺癌的预防上是不成立的。要减少肺癌发生，在饮食上还是要遵循上述原则。

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==== 汉译英 ====

In recent years, lung cancer incidence rates continue to rise, Beijing Cancer Hospital, Professor Yang Yue, director of chest two to remind the general public, the winter indoor environment is relatively airtight, the air circulation is poor, the people must pay attention to ventilation, prevention of lung cancer.

Cough, chest pain in the investigation of lung cancer
In recent years, China's rising incidence of cancer, lung cancer incidence rates have been as high as 61.4/10 10000, lung cancer, has become China's first major cancer. What is more worrying is that lung cancer incidence rates are still showing a rising trend, but the incidence among the crowd more and more young adults.
So, the early detection of lung cancer, how do? Experts remind that the following is not a comfortable situation must be addressed as soon as possible to a specialist hospital for treatment, such as the long-term, chronic cough, especially the frequent emergence of irritating cough; repeated sputum, and there are blood stained sputum, and even bright red, which is absolutely the alert situation. In addition, to the hospital for chest pain should also be checked in time.
In addition, patients with tuberculosis had been won because of pulmonary immune function are affected, transformed into the probability of lung cancer in 30%, should also guard against lung cancer.

Smoking of more and more susceptible to lung cancer,
Smoking has been recognized as the leading cause of lung cancer, and lung cancer, the age and the beginning of smoking, smoking and the number of years, the number of cigarettes smoked per day, the sum of the relationship between both types of smoke: Compared to non-smokers, smoking and smoke and higher incidence of more than 10 times. Smoking more than 20 years, and started smoking under the age of 20, more than 20 cigarettes a day, and all belong to the susceptible population of lung cancer.
For the suction "passive smoking" second-hand smoke (passive smoking, a person who has more than 15 minutes a day was defined as passive smoking), who is also not spared, the United States study found that "passive smoking" than what we know The more dangerous: Some women who live with smokers suffering from lung cancer, the probability of actually 6 times more than the common people!
In addition to the smoke caused by smoking, the women, most frequently in touch in the kitchen cooking fumes also contribute to non-smoking a major cause of lung cancer.

Eat less spicy oily sweet
Many people do not know is that not eating will eat their way to lung cancer. Experts point out that the diet of saturated fat is also a risk factor for lung cancer.
Red meat processing at high temperature differences produce carcinogenic amine ring, a long time if you frequently eat cooked red meat, fried meat, will increase the risk of lung cancer.
In addition to these, the work environment in the respiratory tract carcinogen, severe air pollution, indoor air pollution, chronic bronchitis, pulmonary tuberculosis, diffuse interstitial pulmonary fibrosis, chronic lung diseases, but also will lead to lung cancer.
To stay away from lung cancer, Professor Yang Yue advise the public, first of all to stay away from tobacco, but also note that indoor ventilation to improve indoor air quality. Second is to reduce the production of cooking oil fume and less fried saute foods, eat high sugar, spicy food stimulation, smoked barbecue, greasy food. Good eating habits for the prevention of lung cancer is also important to eat fresh vegetables, fruits, and other carotenoids can reduce the risk of lung cancer; Apple, there are flavonoids, can help prevent lung cancer. Moderate drinking of red wine could help to prevent the occurrence of lung cancer, but not Baijiu.
People have been "Chisha fill Han," saying, for example, to eat the liver Bugan. Diet in the prevention of lung cancer, the community has some people think that eating pig lung, or blood clots can be Bufei, clearing the lungs, however, YANG Yue experts pointed out that there is no scientific basis for such a statement on the prevention of lung cancer is not established. To reduce the occurrence of lung cancer in the diet still have to follow the above principle.