肺癌

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　　●肺癌发病年轻化的趋势日益明显
　　首都医科大学宣武医院胸外科主任支修益教授介绍，中国每年有60万肺癌患者，如果控烟不利，随着人口老龄化等因素，估计到2025年中国每年将有100万人死于肺癌。另外，从临床就诊的病人来看，发病年轻化是很突出的问题，肺癌已经不是老年人所特有的，每五年年轻一岁的趋势已经显示出来。
　　在15年前、20年前平均吸烟年龄是23岁左右，现在平均的年龄已经降到18岁，肺癌的吸烟指数20×20（每天吸烟的支数×吸烟的年数）大于400,我们叫做肺癌的危险指数，如果说以前30岁吸烟，吸20年，到50岁是肺癌高发人群，现在十几岁吸烟，三十几岁就有了，年轻的肺癌病人越来越多。这种现象应该引起重视，应该提倡年轻人拒抽第一支烟。

　　●尚无确切方法对肺癌进行有效筛查
　　北京协和医院肺癌诊治中心王孟昭教授说，治疗肺癌虽然这些年进展挺大的，但是肺癌让人可怕的地方在于发病率越来越高，这是一个大问题。从目前角度来讲还没有特别好的办法将肺癌患者从人群中筛查出来，所以，大部分病人被发现时已经是晚期。
　　治疗最主要的目标是希望能够延长病人的生存期，提高生活质量，减少治疗相关的毒性反应。让医生感到欣慰的是，肺癌治疗方面的进展基本上每五年、十年都会上一个新的台阶。治疗方式最主要的是全身治疗，以前只有化疗，现在出现了靶向治疗，靶向治疗出现之后才真正可以把肺癌当成慢性病，长期地带瘤生存。
　　简单地讲，靶向治疗包括手术和物理治疗，从靶向药物治疗来看，只杀伤癌细胞，不杀伤好细胞。最早出现的药物是易瑞沙，现在已经有很多新的药物，这样能够使患者得到更好的治疗。

　　●不放弃希望，配合医生正确治疗
　　支教授说，有些得了肺癌的病人不做仔细检查就找熟人让医生马上手术，所以有些不该做手术的病人却做了手术，比如四期的病人是不需要做手术的。肺癌分一、二、三、四期，每期里又分两个亚期，不同期别的治疗方法不一样，如果早期不做手术就失去了根治性治疗的机会。如果不做检查，怎么能够采取正确的方法呢？
　　现在肺癌治疗手段有很多，通过外科手术，早中期肺癌病人能够得到根治，通过手术加化疗能够使更多的病人延长生存，即使晚期病人通过化学治疗、放射治疗、物理治疗的手段得到很好的生存，但是这些知识病人不知道。
　　现在手术的切口比原来小很多，手术风险、手术死亡率、并发率、开胸探查率都有了显著的进步，患者可以轻松地接受这一刀，但不像那些伪科学宣传的，不开刀、不流血。但是，不论是何种方法治疗，都有复发的可能，所以高危人群除了要重视健康体检外，手术以后病人的定期复查、随诊也很重要。

　　●培养好习惯创造一个健康的呼吸环境
　　预防肺癌不仅要培养健康的生活方式，同时要创造一个健康的呼吸环境。
　　1.远离烟草，这是目前已知的最危险的致癌因素。90%的肺癌被认为是吸烟引起。
　　2.健康的生活方式。健康的饮食、睡眠习惯和良好的心理状态。
　　3.营造健康的环境。肺癌是呼吸性疾病，除了吸烟影响环境之外，房屋装修污染也是个大问题。另外还有厨房污染，我们烹调饮食的习惯，炸、炒不仅不利身体健康，也影响我们呼吸的环境。
　　4.作为成年人，每年有健康体检的理念很重要，要明白体检不是光抽个血这么简单，对早期发现疾病很有用处。

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注射维C抗癌效果明显     晚期肺癌止痛
肺癌疼痛疗方                 易瑞沙(IRESSA)中文说明

==== 汉译英 ====

● younger lung cancer is increasingly apparent
Xuanwu Hospital, Capital University of Medical Director of Thoracic Surgery Professor Zhi Xiuyi, 600,000 Chinese patients with lung cancer each year, if the tobacco control unfavorable factors such as the aging of the population is estimated that by 2025 China will have 100 million people each year die from lung cancer. In addition, the clinical treatment of patients from the point of view, the incidence is a very prominent problem younger, lung cancer is not unique to the elderly, the young age of one every five years the trend has been displayed.
15 years ago, 20 years ago, the average smoking age is 23 years old, and now the average age has dropped to 18 years old, lung cancer, smoking index of 20 × 20 (per day × smoking smoking count the number of years) Large at 400, we call lung cancer risk index, if the previous 30-year-old non-smoking, smoking 20 years, to 50-year-old high-risk population of lung cancer, and now teenage smoking, 30 teens have a young lung cancer patients more as more and more. This phenomenon should arouse attention, should promote young people to resist the first cigarette smoking.

● there is no definite way of effective screening for lung cancer
Beijing Union Medical College Hospital Center for treatment of lung cancer, said Professor Wang Mengzhao treatment of lung cancer, although the progress in all these years getting bigger, but the terrible part is that people of lung cancer incidence rates higher and higher, this is a big problem. From the present perspective, not a particularly good way to screen out patients with lung cancer crowd, so the majority of patients were found already at an advanced stage.
The main goal of treatment is to be able to prolong survival and improve quality of life and reduce treatment-related toxicity. The doctor was pleased that the progress in treatment of lung cancer is basically every five years, ten years will be a new level. The main treatment is systemic treatment, previously only chemotherapy, is now a targeted therapy, targeted therapy after emergence of lung cancer as a chronic disease can be a real, long-term survival zone.
Simply put, targeted therapies, including surgery and physical therapy, targeted drug therapy from the point of view, only the anti-cancer, non-anti-good cells. The drug first appeared Iressa, now there are many new drugs, this can make patients get better treatment.

● do not give up hope, with proper treatment a doctor
Branch says that some patients who got lung cancer, not do a careful check on Zhao Shuren allow doctors surgery immediately, so that some patients who should not have done surgery surgery, such as four of the patients do not need surgery. Lung cancer sub-one, two, three, four, each ri is divided into two sub-period, different periods are not the same as other treatment methods, if they do not operate on the loss of an early radical treatment. If we did not check, how to take the right approach?
Now there are a lot of lung cancer treatment, surgery, as early as mid-term lung cancer patients can be radical, through surgery and chemotherapy can prolong survival of patients so that more, even if the terminally ill through chemical treatment, radiation therapy, physical therapy methods are well survival, but the knowledge of patients do not know.
Surgical incision is much smaller than the original, surgical risks, operative mortality, concurrent rate of exploratory thoracotomy has a significant rate of progress, the patient can easily accept the knife, but not those pseudo-scientific propaganda, not surgery, bloodless. However, no matter what kind of treatments, there is the possibility of recurrence, so high-risk groups in addition to emphasis on physical examination, the surgical patients on a regular basis after the review, followed up is also important.

● develop a good habit to create a healthy breathing environment
Prevention of lung cancer, not only to cultivate a healthy lifestyle, while creating a healthy breathing environment.
1. Away from tobacco, which is currently known of the most dangerous cancer-causing factors. 90% of lung cancer caused by smoking are considered.
2. A healthy lifestyle. A healthy diet, sleep habits and a good state of mind.
3. To create a healthy environment. Lung cancer is the respiratory disease, in addition to smoking affect the environment outside the housing decoration pollution is also a big problem. There are also kitchen pollution, we cook eating habits, deep-fried, fried detrimental not only to physical health, but also affect our breathing environment.
4. As adults, the concept of physical examination every year is very important to understand that medical examinations are not just a blood pumping so simple, useful for early detection of diseases.