肺癌

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　　肺癌有效的治疗手段很多，手术、化疗、放疗，还有靶向治疗、基因治疗、生物治疗等。
    生活中经常会遇到：有人只做手术肺癌就彻底治愈了，可有些人手术后很快复发、转移；有的晚期病人只口服靶向药物(团购印度易瑞沙 印度特罗凯 印度力比泰 巴西多吉美)，已存活近十年，但有人服同样药物病情却迅速加重；有人化疗后获得了正常人的生活，可也有人说：“不能化疗，化疗死得快”……
　　众所周之，没有转移的早期非小细胞肺癌，单靠手术即可治愈；已经广泛转移的晚期肺癌，只能依靠化疗。是这样吗？也许并非如此简单。
　　肺癌早期就可发生微小扩散，当转移的癌细胞还没有形成临床可见的肿块时，医生通常说“没有转移”。如果单纯手术，由于癌细胞的残留常常复发、转移。因此对所谓“没有转移”的肺癌，需仔细分析癌细胞残留的可能性，必要时应进行术后化疗等。
　　对于晚期肺癌，虽然化疗药物可随血液到达全身，但单靠化疗，肺癌几乎不可能治愈。
    因为化疗至少涉及药物敏感性和人体对毒性的耐受两个方面。敏感性与癌细胞的组织类型、基因表达等有关；而治疗效果的获得，前提是病人能够耐受治疗的毒性，因此化疗方案的设定还需考虑病人体质。
    不适当的化疗，不但无效而且因为毒性打击，将加速病情恶化。
　　放疗是类似与外科手术的一类局部治疗方法。但是肺癌细胞并不总是对放疗敏感，因此对于可手术的病人，疗效不如手术。但是，对于无法切除的无转移肺癌，化疗同时放疗的疗效远胜于单独化疗。
　　靶向治疗是类似化疗的全身治疗措施，它以肿瘤细胞特有的分子作为攻击靶点，正常细胞几乎不受影响，因此副作用更小。但只有携带特定分子的肿瘤才有效，靶向治疗前常需要基因或分子生物学的检测。
　　每种治疗手段都有其非常成功的例证，也都有缺陷。但在有经验医生的指导下,制订基于病人个体的最佳综合性治疗方案是可行的。事实上,肺癌也是一种慢性病，多数肺癌患者经过科学治疗，是可以长期正常生活的。

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==== 汉译英 ====

Effective treatment for many lung cancer, surgery, chemotherapy, radiotherapy, there targeted therapy, gene therapy, biological therapy.
    Often encountered in daily life: Some people only on the completely cured of lung cancer surgery, some people can soon after surgery recurrence, metastasis; some terminally ill patients only oral targeted drug, has survived for nearly a decade, but it was serving the same conditions of drug has rapidly increased; was obtained after chemotherapy, normal life, some people may say: "can not chemotherapy, die fast" ... ...
Known for their no transfer of early stage non-small cell lung cancer, surgery alone can cure; have extensive transfer of advanced lung cancer can only rely on chemotherapy. Is that true? Maybe not so simple.
Small diffusion can occur early lung cancer, when the transfer of cancer cells have not formed a mass of clinical visible, doctors usually say "do not transfer." If surgery alone, because of residual cancer cells often recurrence and metastasis. Therefore, the so-called "no transfer" of lung cancer, residual cancer cells need to be carefully analyzed the possibility, if necessary for postoperative chemotherapy.
For advanced lung cancer, while chemotherapy drugs can reach the whole body with blood, but chemotherapy alone, lung cancer is almost impossible to cure.
    As related to drug sensitivity and at least chemotherapy on toxicity and human aspects. Sensitivity and cancer tissue types, gene expression and other relevant; the treatment of access, provided that the patient can tolerate the toxicities, so chemotherapy settings need to consider a body.
    Inappropriate chemotherapy, not only ineffective but also because of toxicity against, will accelerate the deterioration.
Radiotherapy and surgery is similar to a class of local treatment. But lung cancer cells to radiotherapy is not always sensitive, so for patients with operable, effective as surgery. However, no transfer of unresectable lung cancer, chemotherapy, radiation therapy much better than chemotherapy alone.
Targeted therapy is similar to the systemic chemotherapy treatment measures, which the tumor cells and specific molecular target of the attack, normal cells almost unaffected, the smaller side. But only carry the tumor specific molecule to be effective, targeted treatment often requires the detection of genetic or molecular biology.
Each treatment has its own very successful example, but also have flaws. But under the guidance of experienced physicians, individual patients based on the best formulation of comprehensive therapy program is feasible. In fact, lung cancer is a chronic, most patients with lung cancer through scientific treatment, is a long normal life.