肺癌

【Pharmacology and toxicology】
Pharmacology
Naltrexone is a opioid receptor antagonistic agents, pharmacodynamics and the role of naloxone is similar significantly reduced or completely blocked by the opioid receptor, or even reversed by the intravenous injection of opiates on the impact of. Be able to lift its opioid physical dependence, so as to enable withdrawal of opioid addicts maintain a normal life. This product is orally effective, and the role of maintaining a long time. This product does not produce physical or psychological dependence.
Toxicology
This product is on the 2-year carcinogenicity study in rats shows that in the male mesothelioma and gender in the number of vascular tumors increased slightly. However, a slight increase among females hemangioma, the tumor occurred in the control group range.
【Indications】
Naltrexone hydrochloride is mainly used for opiate addiction has been discharged from the rehabilitation period of adjuvant therapy, so that opiate addicts can kick-dimensional normal life, to prevent or reduce relapse.
【Usage consumption】
Naltrexone treatment must be found to be negative when induced by naloxone could be implemented. Medication according to the following principles must be:
(1) This product need to withdrawal of opioid addicts after 7 to 10 days to use. Withdrawal subject to examination in patients with urine proven. Longer naloxone-induced, and further establish the absence of opioid dependence.
(2) Naloxone-induced test: needle breathe the first intravenous injection of 0.8mg of naloxone hydrochloride, naloxone hydrochloride, 0.2mg, observe 30 seconds to see whether there are opioid-dependent patients, if the negative reaction to intravenous injection of 0.6 mg, and to observe the 20 to 30 minutes, those who are asymptomatic may be given treatment.
(3) Naloxone treatment can have the following programs: Each day oral administration of 50mg, Saturday to 100mg; every other day or every 3 days to 100mg to 150mg, sustainable treatment for six months.
Adverse reactions 【】
(1) The use of naltrexone to 300mg daily may cause liver cell damage.
(2) In addition to liver damage, the adverse reaction rate of over 10% of the responses include: sleep difficulties, anxiety, irritability, abdominal pain / cramps, nausea and / or vomiting, joint muscle pain, headache.
(3) The incidence of adverse reactions in 10% of the responses are: loss of appetite, diarrhea, constipation, thirst, dizziness.
(4) less than 1% of the adverse reactions are:
Respiratory: nasal congestion, itching, runny nose, sore throat, excessive mucus, hoarseness, coughing, shortness of breath.
Cardiovascular system: nose bleeding, phlebitis, edema, high blood pressure, non-specific ECG changes, palpitations, tachycardia.
Gastrointestinal: excessive gas production, blood in the stool, diarrhea, ulcers.
Musculoskeletal Road: shoulder, leg and knee pain, and tremor.
Skin: oil skin, itching, acne, cold sores.
Genito-urinary system: micturition does not increase sexual desire decrease.
Mental aspects: depression, forgotten like mad, fatigue, anxiety, mental confusion, hallucinations, nightmares.
【Taboo】
Any of the following are disabled naltrexone:
(1) The application of opioid analgesics are.
(2) patients with opioid addiction without the abstainers.
(3) suddenly out opioid patients.
(4), naltrexone-induced failure patients.
(5), opioid-positive urine test.
(6) naloxone has a history of allergies is not clear whether the product contains the Philippines with naloxone or other opioid substances whether there is cross-allergy.
(7) acute hepatitis or liver failure, individual.
【Note】
(1) This product has liver toxicity can cause elevated transaminase. Liver toxicity caused by the clinical dose of only 5 times the amount used, so mild impairment of liver function should also be used with caution.
(2) To avoid withdrawal symptoms or withdrawal symptoms worse, in the application of naltrexone prior to the patient should be at least 7 to 10 days the body is indeed non-opioid.
(3) should be applied before or after the FDA should regularly check the liver function, the best check one time per month.
【Pregnant and lactating women drug】
This product is part of the risk of pregnancy C class drug. Experiments show that the clinical dosage of 140 times the dose (approximately 100mg/kg), pairs of rabbits and rats may have a role to kill embryos, but also significantly increased in rats the proportion of false pregnancy and reduce the pregnancy rate of females . However, in the human there is no report on the impact on fertility. About This product is excreted from the human milk meter is not yet known. Whether the impact on the production process is also unknown. Therefore, pregnant women and lactating women to make the FDA should be cautious.
Pediatric Use
Individuals under the age of 18 so that the safety of the FDA issues yet to be determined.
【】 Medication in elderly patients
【Drug interactions】
It can be used to interfere with containing the therapeutic effect of opioids, where the use of opioid analgesics should be avoided with the use of these drugs at the same time.
Overdosage
There is no people use too much experience. Only 1 study shows that a daily naltrexone 800mg, used in conjunction 1 week but have not found toxicity. In mice, rats and guinea-pig oral LD50 of the goods, respectively: 1.100 ± 96mg/kg, (1.450 ± 265) mg / kg and 1.490 ± 102mg/kg. Mice, rats and dogs died because of acute tonic-clonic convulsions and respiratory failure.
Naltrexone treatment because of the lack of experience excessive, it should be prepared to symptomatic treatment.